Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens

L. De Siena; C. Thomas; G. P. Waite; S. C. Moran; S. Klemme

doi:10.1002/2014JB011372

Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens

L. De Siena, C. Thomas, G. P. Waite, S. C. Moran, S. Klemme

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Abstract

We present a combined 3D P-wave attenuation, 2D S-coda attenuation, and 3D S-coda scattering tomography model of fluid pathways, feeding systems, and sediments below Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano between depths of 0 and 18 km. High-scattering and high-attenuation shallow anomalies are indicative of magma and fluid-rich zones within and below the volcanic edifice down to 6 km depth, where a high-scattering body outlines the top of deeper aseismic velocity anomalies. Both the volcanic edifice and these structures induce a combination of strong scattering and attenuation on any seismic wave-field, particularly those recorded on the northern and eastern flanks of the volcanic cone. North of the cone between depths of 0 and 10 km a low-velocity, high-scattering, and high-attenuation north-south trending trough is attributed to thick piles of Tertiary marine sediments within the St. Helens Seismic Zone. A laterally-extended 3D scattering contrast at depths of 10 to 14 km is related to the boundary between upper and lower crust, and caused in our interpretation by the large scale interaction of the Siletz terrane with the Cascade arc crust. This
contrast presents a low-scattering, 4-6 km ”hole” under the north-eastern flank of the volcano. We infer that this section represents the main path of magma ascent from depths greater than 6 km at MSH, with a small north-east shift in the lower plumbing system of the volcano. We conclude that combinations of different non-standard tomographic methods, leading toward full-waveform
tomography, represent the future of seismic volcano imaging.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	8223-8238
Number of pages	16
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Volume	119
Issue number	11
Early online date	7 Nov 2014
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011372
Publication status	Published - Nov 2014

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments
We thank Edoardo Del Pezzo, Ludovic Margerin, Christoph Sens‐Schönefelder, Michael Becken, David Hill, Matt Haney, Willie Scott, Alicia Hotovec‐Ellis, Jonathan Lees, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and critical reviews. Steve Hicks, Carina Häger, and Laura Schmidt helped in the data processing. The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveform and metadata required in this study and provided by the Cascades Volcano Observatory ‐ USGS. The MuRAT code with two sample applications is freely available at http://earth.uni‐muenster.de/~ldesi_01/publications/publications.html under free license. The methods for the 2‐D and 3‐D scattering tomographies are based on the ones described in Tramelli et al. [2006] and Calvet et al. [2013]. Supporting information accompanies this paper. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Luca De Siena.

Keywords

attenuation tomography
scattering tomography
volcano tomography

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens
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title = "Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens",

abstract = "We present a combined 3D P-wave attenuation, 2D S-coda attenuation, and 3D S-coda scattering tomography model of fluid pathways, feeding systems, and sediments below Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano between depths of 0 and 18 km. High-scattering and high-attenuation shallow anomalies are indicative of magma and fluid-rich zones within and below the volcanic edifice down to 6 km depth, where a high-scattering body outlines the top of deeper aseismic velocity anomalies. Both the volcanic edifice and these structures induce a combination of strong scattering and attenuation on any seismic wave-field, particularly those recorded on the northern and eastern flanks of the volcanic cone. North of the cone between depths of 0 and 10 km a low-velocity, high-scattering, and high-attenuation north-south trending trough is attributed to thick piles of Tertiary marine sediments within the St. Helens Seismic Zone. A laterally-extended 3D scattering contrast at depths of 10 to 14 km is related to the boundary between upper and lower crust, and caused in our interpretation by the large scale interaction of the Siletz terrane with the Cascade arc crust. Thiscontrast presents a low-scattering, 4-6 km ”hole” under the north-eastern flank of the volcano. We infer that this section represents the main path of magma ascent from depths greater than 6 km at MSH, with a small north-east shift in the lower plumbing system of the volcano. We conclude that combinations of different non-standard tomographic methods, leading toward full-waveformtomography, represent the future of seismic volcano imaging.",

keywords = "attenuation tomography, scattering tomography, volcano tomography",

author = "{De Siena}, L. and C. Thomas and Waite, {G. P.} and Moran, {S. C.} and S. Klemme",

note = "Acknowledgments We thank Edoardo Del Pezzo, Ludovic Margerin, Christoph Sens‐Sch{\"o}nefelder, Michael Becken, David Hill, Matt Haney, Willie Scott, Alicia Hotovec‐Ellis, Jonathan Lees, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and critical reviews. Steve Hicks, Carina H{\"a}ger, and Laura Schmidt helped in the data processing. The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveform and metadata required in this study and provided by the Cascades Volcano Observatory ‐ USGS. The MuRAT code with two sample applications is freely available at http://earth.uni‐muenster.de/~ldesi_01/publications/publications.html under free license. The methods for the 2‐D and 3‐D scattering tomographies are based on the ones described in Tramelli et al. [2006] and Calvet et al. [2013]. Supporting information accompanies this paper. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Luca De Siena.",

year = "2014",

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doi = "10.1002/2014JB011372",

language = "English",

volume = "119",

pages = "8223--8238",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens

AU - De Siena, L.

AU - Thomas, C.

AU - Waite, G. P.

AU - Moran, S. C.

AU - Klemme, S.

N1 - Acknowledgments We thank Edoardo Del Pezzo, Ludovic Margerin, Christoph Sens‐Schönefelder, Michael Becken, David Hill, Matt Haney, Willie Scott, Alicia Hotovec‐Ellis, Jonathan Lees, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and critical reviews. Steve Hicks, Carina Häger, and Laura Schmidt helped in the data processing. The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveform and metadata required in this study and provided by the Cascades Volcano Observatory ‐ USGS. The MuRAT code with two sample applications is freely available at http://earth.uni‐muenster.de/~ldesi_01/publications/publications.html under free license. The methods for the 2‐D and 3‐D scattering tomographies are based on the ones described in Tramelli et al. [2006] and Calvet et al. [2013]. Supporting information accompanies this paper. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Luca De Siena.

PY - 2014/11

Y1 - 2014/11

N2 - We present a combined 3D P-wave attenuation, 2D S-coda attenuation, and 3D S-coda scattering tomography model of fluid pathways, feeding systems, and sediments below Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano between depths of 0 and 18 km. High-scattering and high-attenuation shallow anomalies are indicative of magma and fluid-rich zones within and below the volcanic edifice down to 6 km depth, where a high-scattering body outlines the top of deeper aseismic velocity anomalies. Both the volcanic edifice and these structures induce a combination of strong scattering and attenuation on any seismic wave-field, particularly those recorded on the northern and eastern flanks of the volcanic cone. North of the cone between depths of 0 and 10 km a low-velocity, high-scattering, and high-attenuation north-south trending trough is attributed to thick piles of Tertiary marine sediments within the St. Helens Seismic Zone. A laterally-extended 3D scattering contrast at depths of 10 to 14 km is related to the boundary between upper and lower crust, and caused in our interpretation by the large scale interaction of the Siletz terrane with the Cascade arc crust. Thiscontrast presents a low-scattering, 4-6 km ”hole” under the north-eastern flank of the volcano. We infer that this section represents the main path of magma ascent from depths greater than 6 km at MSH, with a small north-east shift in the lower plumbing system of the volcano. We conclude that combinations of different non-standard tomographic methods, leading toward full-waveformtomography, represent the future of seismic volcano imaging.

AB - We present a combined 3D P-wave attenuation, 2D S-coda attenuation, and 3D S-coda scattering tomography model of fluid pathways, feeding systems, and sediments below Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano between depths of 0 and 18 km. High-scattering and high-attenuation shallow anomalies are indicative of magma and fluid-rich zones within and below the volcanic edifice down to 6 km depth, where a high-scattering body outlines the top of deeper aseismic velocity anomalies. Both the volcanic edifice and these structures induce a combination of strong scattering and attenuation on any seismic wave-field, particularly those recorded on the northern and eastern flanks of the volcanic cone. North of the cone between depths of 0 and 10 km a low-velocity, high-scattering, and high-attenuation north-south trending trough is attributed to thick piles of Tertiary marine sediments within the St. Helens Seismic Zone. A laterally-extended 3D scattering contrast at depths of 10 to 14 km is related to the boundary between upper and lower crust, and caused in our interpretation by the large scale interaction of the Siletz terrane with the Cascade arc crust. Thiscontrast presents a low-scattering, 4-6 km ”hole” under the north-eastern flank of the volcano. We infer that this section represents the main path of magma ascent from depths greater than 6 km at MSH, with a small north-east shift in the lower plumbing system of the volcano. We conclude that combinations of different non-standard tomographic methods, leading toward full-waveformtomography, represent the future of seismic volcano imaging.

KW - attenuation tomography

KW - scattering tomography

KW - volcano tomography

U2 - 10.1002/2014JB011372

DO - 10.1002/2014JB011372

M3 - Article

SN - 2169-9313

VL - 119

SP - 8223

EP - 8238

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

IS - 11

ER -

Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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