TY - JOUR
T1 - Competition Between Desired Competitive Result, Tolerable Homeostatic Disturbance, and Psychophysiological Interpretation Determines Pacing Strategy
AU - Foster, Carl
AU - de Koning, Jos J
AU - Hettinga, Florentina J
AU - Barroso, Renato
AU - Boullosa, Daniel
AU - Casado, Arturo
AU - Cortis, Cristina
AU - Fusco, Andrea
AU - Gregorich, Halle
AU - Jaime, Salvador
AU - Jones, Andrew M
AU - Malterer, Katherine R
AU - Pettitt, Robert
AU - Porcari, John P
AU - Pratt, Cassie
AU - Reinschmidt, Patrick
AU - Skiba, Phillip
AU - Splinter, Annabel
AU - St Clair Gibson, Alan
AU - St Mary, Jacob
AU - Thiel, Christian
AU - Uithoven, Kate
AU - van Tunen, Joyce
PY - 2023/4/1
Y1 - 2023/4/1
N2 - Scientific interest in pacing goes back >100 years. Contemporary interest, both as a feature of athletic competition and as a window into understanding fatigue, goes back >30 years. Pacing represents the pattern of energy use designed to produce a competitive result while managing fatigue of different origins. Pacing has been studied both against the clock and during head-to-head competition. Several models have been used to explain pacing, including the teleoanticipation model, the central governor model, the anticipatory-feedback-rating of perceived exertion model, the concept of a learned template, the affordance concept, the integrative governor theory, and as an explanation for "falling behind." Early studies, mostly using time-trial exercise, focused on the need to manage homeostatic disturbance. More recent studies, based on head-to-head competition, have focused on an improved understanding of how psychophysiology, beyond the gestalt concept of rating of perceived exertion, can be understood as a mediator of pacing and as an explanation for falling behind. More recent approaches to pacing have focused on the elements of decision making during sport and have expanded the role of psychophysiological responses including sensory-discriminatory, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. These approaches have expanded the understanding of variations in pacing, particularly during head-to-head competition.
AB - Scientific interest in pacing goes back >100 years. Contemporary interest, both as a feature of athletic competition and as a window into understanding fatigue, goes back >30 years. Pacing represents the pattern of energy use designed to produce a competitive result while managing fatigue of different origins. Pacing has been studied both against the clock and during head-to-head competition. Several models have been used to explain pacing, including the teleoanticipation model, the central governor model, the anticipatory-feedback-rating of perceived exertion model, the concept of a learned template, the affordance concept, the integrative governor theory, and as an explanation for "falling behind." Early studies, mostly using time-trial exercise, focused on the need to manage homeostatic disturbance. More recent studies, based on head-to-head competition, have focused on an improved understanding of how psychophysiology, beyond the gestalt concept of rating of perceived exertion, can be understood as a mediator of pacing and as an explanation for falling behind. More recent approaches to pacing have focused on the elements of decision making during sport and have expanded the role of psychophysiological responses including sensory-discriminatory, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. These approaches have expanded the understanding of variations in pacing, particularly during head-to-head competition.
KW - Humans
KW - Sports/physiology
KW - Motivation
KW - Perception
KW - Fatigue
KW - Psychophysiology
U2 - 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0171
DO - 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0171
M3 - Article
C2 - 36848906
SN - 1555-0265
VL - 18
SP - 335
EP - 346
JO - International journal of sports physiology and performance
JF - International journal of sports physiology and performance
IS - 4
ER -