Economic–Sanitation–Environmental (Dis)Connections in Brazil: A Trans‐Scale Perspective From Minas Gerais State and BH Microregion

Norma  Valencio; Arthur Valencio; Gabriel S.  Carvalho; M. S.  Baptista

doi:10.17645/up.7048

Economic–Sanitation–Environmental (Dis)Connections in Brazil: A Trans‐Scale Perspective From Minas Gerais State and BH Microregion

Norma Valencio, Arthur Valencio, Gabriel S. Carvalho, M. S. Baptista

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Abstract

Brazil's economic, environmental, and infrastructural landscape is characterised by local and regional inequalities, particularly evident in Minas Gerais state and the municipalities surrounding its capital, Belo Horizonte (BH microregion).
This research examines three primary domains: (a) economic metrics such as GDP per capita, wages, and formal employment; (b) the availability of clean water and sewage systems; and (c) the frequency of emergency decrees. It aims to ascertain whether these factors can delineate economic, health, and socio-environmental divides within the BH microregion and between its urban and rural areas. Economically, a pronounced gap exists between GDP growth and
wage stability, underscoring disparities between the BH microregion and the broader state. While the BH microregion boasts higher salaries and GDP, it also grapples with a heightened cost of living. Disparities in water and sewage infrastructure are stark between urban and non-urban locales, with the latter often lacking access. Emergency decrees are correlated with municipal GDP, with lower-GDP areas experiencing more crises, albeit to a lesser extent in the BH microregion. Cluster analysis reveals a nexus between frequent emergencies, lower GDP, and improved access to water and sewage services. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive public policies to foster local well-being and alleviate economic, infrastructural, and environmental disparities within both the state and the BH microregion.

Original language	English
Article number	7048
Number of pages	24
Journal	Urban Planning
Volume	9
Early online date	7 Mar 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.17645/up.7048
Publication status	Published - 7 Mar 2024

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments
The authors thank the careful revision by the anonymous peer‐reviewers and editors.
Funding
Norma Valencio and Murilo S. Baptista acknowledge the Royal Society grant CHL\R1\180122. Norma Valencio acknowledges the grant 2022/09136–1, S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Research Productivity grant 315237/2020–1, National Council for Science and Technology Development (CNPq). Arthur Valencio acknowledges the grant 2023/07235–5 (part of CPE Grant No. 2019/12553–0), S.
Research Foundation (FAPESP). Gabriel G. Carvalho acknowledges the grant 2023/03000–3 (part of AP.ESCIENCE.R Grant No. 2022/09136–1), S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).

Data Availability Statement

Municipal population estimates were produced by IBGE (https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9103‐estimativas‐de‐populacao.html). GDP data were made available by IBGE in partnership with state statistical agencies and state government secretariats in its portal Cidades@ (https://cidades.ibge.gov.br). Average salaries data were also extracted from the IBGE Cidades@ portal, using the central business register(https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/economicas/comercio/9016‐estatisticas‐do‐cadastro‐central‐de‐empresas.html?=&t=downloads). Employment statistics data were extracted from the General Register of Employed and Unemployed of the Ministry of Labour (https://bi.mte.gov.br/
bgcaged/caged_perfil_municipio/index.php). The national minimum wage historical dataset was compiled by the Inter‐Union Department of Statistics and Socio‐Economic Studies (https://www.dieese.org.br/analisecestabasica/salarioMinimo.html). The National Sanitation Information System, with municipal data on water and sanitation provision, is available at http://app4.mdr.gov.br/serieHistorica. The Integrated Disaster Information System, with the municipal records of emergency decrees, is available at https://s2id.mi.gov.br.

Keywords

Brazil
development studies
drinking water
emergency declaration
Minas Gerais
regional planning
sanitasion infrastructure
sewage coverage
social iniquities
socio-environmental injustice

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title = "Economic–Sanitation–Environmental (Dis)Connections in Brazil: A Trans‐Scale Perspective From Minas Gerais State and BH Microregion ",

abstract = "Brazil's economic, environmental, and infrastructural landscape is characterised by local and regional inequalities, particularly evident in Minas Gerais state and the municipalities surrounding its capital, Belo Horizonte (BH microregion).This research examines three primary domains: (a) economic metrics such as GDP per capita, wages, and formal employment; (b) the availability of clean water and sewage systems; and (c) the frequency of emergency decrees. It aims to ascertain whether these factors can delineate economic, health, and socio-environmental divides within the BH microregion and between its urban and rural areas. Economically, a pronounced gap exists between GDP growth andwage stability, underscoring disparities between the BH microregion and the broader state. While the BH microregion boasts higher salaries and GDP, it also grapples with a heightened cost of living. Disparities in water and sewage infrastructure are stark between urban and non-urban locales, with the latter often lacking access. Emergency decrees are correlated with municipal GDP, with lower-GDP areas experiencing more crises, albeit to a lesser extent in the BH microregion. Cluster analysis reveals a nexus between frequent emergencies, lower GDP, and improved access to water and sewage services. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive public policies to foster local well-being and alleviate economic, infrastructural, and environmental disparities within both the state and the BH microregion.",

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note = "Acknowledgments The authors thank the careful revision by the anonymous peer‐reviewers and editors. Funding Norma Valencio and Murilo S. Baptista acknowledge the Royal Society grant CHL\R1\180122. Norma Valencio acknowledges the grant 2022/09136–1, S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Research Productivity grant 315237/2020–1, National Council for Science and Technology Development (CNPq). Arthur Valencio acknowledges the grant 2023/07235–5 (part of CPE Grant No. 2019/12553–0), S. Research Foundation (FAPESP). Gabriel G. Carvalho acknowledges the grant 2023/03000–3 (part of AP.ESCIENCE.R Grant No. 2022/09136–1), S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). ",

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N1 - Acknowledgments The authors thank the careful revision by the anonymous peer‐reviewers and editors. Funding Norma Valencio and Murilo S. Baptista acknowledge the Royal Society grant CHL\R1\180122. Norma Valencio acknowledges the grant 2022/09136–1, S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Research Productivity grant 315237/2020–1, National Council for Science and Technology Development (CNPq). Arthur Valencio acknowledges the grant 2023/07235–5 (part of CPE Grant No. 2019/12553–0), S. Research Foundation (FAPESP). Gabriel G. Carvalho acknowledges the grant 2023/03000–3 (part of AP.ESCIENCE.R Grant No. 2022/09136–1), S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).

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KW - socio-environmental injustice

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DO - 10.17645/up.7048

M3 - Article

SN - 2183-7635

VL - 9

JO - Urban Planning

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M1 - 7048

ER -

Economic–Sanitation–Environmental (Dis)Connections in Brazil: A Trans‐Scale Perspective From Minas Gerais State and BH Microregion

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

Keywords

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