Abstract
The effects of the hydrogen bonding energy interaction and freezing point depression on five quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) of gas hydrate systems are discussed in this study. Tetramethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium acetate tetrahydrate, and tetramethylammonium iodide were among the QAS studied. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), frequently encountered in flow assurance pipelines, are included in the considered hydrate system. The experimental temperature range is 274-285 K, with 3.40-8.30 and 2.0-4.0 as the corresponding pipeline pressures for CH4 and CO2. For different mass concentrations (1, 5, and 10 wt.%), the thermodynamic influence, i.e., average suppression temperature (ΔT), of the studied system was reported, and its relationship with the hydrogen bonding energy (EHB) interaction and freezing point temperature (Tf) of QAS was investigated. The structural impact of QAS (in the form of alkyl chain variation) and anions on thermodynamic hydrate inhibition (THI) behavior via hydrogen bonding energy interactions and freezing point is also covered in the research. According to the findings, the increase in the alkyl chain length of QAS reduced the decrease in EHB bonding ability. On the other hand, the presence of an anion had a significant impact on QAS. The EHB and QAS freezing Tf are concentration-dependent phenomena; higher QAS concentration in the system resulted in lower Tf temperatures and higher EHB energies, which influenced hydrate mitigation positively. The work is novel as it establishes the relationship between EHB and average suppression temperature and also between depression in freezing point with average suppression temperature.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1856-1864 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data |
| Volume | 68 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 10 Aug 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors would like to thank the Petroleum Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, for providing research facilities. The support of the Chemical Engineering Department is also acknowledged. The authors acknowledge Yayasan UTP (YUTP) for supporting this research through YUTP grant number 015LC0-306.
Funding
The authors would like to thank the Petroleum Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, for providing research facilities. The support of the Chemical Engineering Department is also acknowledged. The authors acknowledge Yayasan UTP (YUTP) for supporting this research through YUTP grant number 015LC0-306.