Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Harriet A. Carroll; Yung-Chih Chen; Iain S. Templeman; Phoebe Wharton; Sue Reeves; William V. Trim; Enhad A. Chowdhury; Jeff M. Brunstrom; Peter J. Rogers; Dylan Thompson; Lewis J. James; Laura Johnson; James A. Betts

doi:10.1002/oby.22757

Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Harriet A. Carroll^* (Corresponding Author)
, Yung-Chih Chen
, Iain S. Templeman
, Phoebe Wharton
, Sue Reeves
, William V. Trim
, Enhad A. Chowdhury
, Jeff M. Brunstrom
, Peter J. Rogers
, Dylan Thompson
, Lewis J. James
, Laura Johnson
, James A. Betts

^*Corresponding author for this work

The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health

Loughborough University
University of Bristol
University of Bath
National Taiwan Normal University
Roehampton University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

8 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high-sugar ("Sweet") versus low-sugar ("Plain") breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite.

METHODS: A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre- and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge-based breakfasts.

RESULTS: Pre- to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: -0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre- to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (all P ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (all P ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d; P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d; P < 0.001) than post-breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d; P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × time P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high- or low-sugar breakfasts.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	740-748
Number of pages	9
Journal	Obesity
Volume	28
Issue number	4
Early online date	28 Feb 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22757
Publication status	Published - Apr 2020

Bibliographical note

We would like to thank Pippa Heath for her help with randomization, our participants, and Dr. Graham Horgan for statistical advice.

Funding Information
Economic and Social Research Council. Grant Number:
ES/J50015X/1
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
GlaxoSmithKline
Lucozade Ribena Suntory
Kellogg’s
Nestlé
PepsiCo
Sugar Nutrition UK
Danone Baby Nutrition
the Alpro Foundation
Kellogg Europe
Unilever
Volac International
The Collagen Research Institute
British Summer Fruits

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

ASPARTAME
BEVERAGES
CONSUMPTION
ENDOCRINE
FRUCTOSE
GLUCOSE
PREFERENCE
SUCROSE
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
VALIDATION

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10.1002/oby.22757Licence: CC BY

Carrol_etal_Oby_Effect_of_Plain_V-Sugar_VOR
© 2020 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Obesity Society (TOS). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Final published version, 530 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Carroll, H. A., Chen, Y.-C., Templeman, I. S., Wharton, P., Reeves, S., Trim, W. V., Chowdhury, E. A., Brunstrom, J. M., Rogers, P. J., Thompson, D., James, L. J., Johnson, L., & Betts, J. A. (2020). Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Obesity, 28(4), 740-748. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22757

@article{2f8c32674f65450caf416cb5e89fe93a,

title = "Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high-sugar ({"}Sweet{"}) versus low-sugar ({"}Plain{"}) breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite.METHODS: A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre- and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30\% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge-based breakfasts.RESULTS: Pre- to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95\% CI: -0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95\% CI: -0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre- to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (all P ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (all P ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d; P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d; P < 0.001) than post-breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d; P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial {\texttimes} time P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high- or low-sugar breakfasts.",

keywords = "ASPARTAME, BEVERAGES, CONSUMPTION, ENDOCRINE, FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE, PREFERENCE, SUCROSE, TRIACYLGLYCEROL, VALIDATION",

author = "Carroll, \{Harriet A.\} and Yung-Chih Chen and Templeman, \{Iain S.\} and Phoebe Wharton and Sue Reeves and Trim, \{William V.\} and Chowdhury, \{Enhad A.\} and Brunstrom, \{Jeff M.\} and Rogers, \{Peter J.\} and Dylan Thompson and James, \{Lewis J.\} and Laura Johnson and Betts, \{James A.\}",

note = "We would like to thank Pippa Heath for her help with randomization, our participants, and Dr. Graham Horgan for statistical advice. Funding Information Economic and Social Research Council. Grant Number: ES/J50015X/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) GlaxoSmithKline Lucozade Ribena Suntory Kellogg{\textquoteright}s Nestl{\'e} PepsiCo Sugar Nutrition UK Danone Baby Nutrition the Alpro Foundation Kellogg Europe Unilever Volac International The Collagen Research Institute British Summer Fruits ",

year = "2020",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1002/oby.22757",

language = "English",

volume = "28",

pages = "740--748",

journal = "Obesity",

issn = "1930-7381",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",

number = "4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health

T2 - A Randomized Crossover Trial

AU - Carroll, Harriet A.

AU - Chen, Yung-Chih

AU - Templeman, Iain S.

AU - Wharton, Phoebe

AU - Reeves, Sue

AU - Trim, William V.

AU - Chowdhury, Enhad A.

AU - Brunstrom, Jeff M.

AU - Rogers, Peter J.

AU - Thompson, Dylan

AU - James, Lewis J.

AU - Johnson, Laura

AU - Betts, James A.

N1 - We would like to thank Pippa Heath for her help with randomization, our participants, and Dr. Graham Horgan for statistical advice. Funding Information Economic and Social Research Council. Grant Number: ES/J50015X/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) GlaxoSmithKline Lucozade Ribena Suntory Kellogg’s Nestlé PepsiCo Sugar Nutrition UK Danone Baby Nutrition the Alpro Foundation Kellogg Europe Unilever Volac International The Collagen Research Institute British Summer Fruits

PY - 2020/4

Y1 - 2020/4

N2 - OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high-sugar ("Sweet") versus low-sugar ("Plain") breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite.METHODS: A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre- and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge-based breakfasts.RESULTS: Pre- to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: -0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre- to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (all P ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (all P ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d; P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d; P < 0.001) than post-breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d; P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × time P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high- or low-sugar breakfasts.

AB - OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high-sugar ("Sweet") versus low-sugar ("Plain") breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite.METHODS: A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre- and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge-based breakfasts.RESULTS: Pre- to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: -0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre- to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (all P ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (all P ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d; P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d; P < 0.001) than post-breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d; P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × time P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high- or low-sugar breakfasts.

KW - ASPARTAME

KW - BEVERAGES

KW - CONSUMPTION

KW - ENDOCRINE

KW - FRUCTOSE

KW - GLUCOSE

KW - PREFERENCE

KW - SUCROSE

KW - TRIACYLGLYCEROL

KW - VALIDATION

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85080120700&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/oby.22757

DO - 10.1002/oby.22757

M3 - Article

C2 - 32108442

SN - 1930-7381

VL - 28

SP - 740

EP - 748

JO - Obesity

JF - Obesity

IS - 4

ER -

Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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