Exploring the demand for inter-annual storage for balancing wind energy variability in 100% renewable energy systems

Philipp Diesing; Dimitrii Bogdanov; Dominik Keiner; Rasul Satymov; David Toke; Christian Breyer

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.133572

Exploring the demand for inter-annual storage for balancing wind energy variability in 100% renewable energy systems

Philipp Diesing^*, Dimitrii Bogdanov, Dominik Keiner, Rasul Satymov, David Toke, Christian Breyer

^*Corresponding author for this work

Centre for Energy Transition

LUT University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

As research in 100% renewable energy systems progresses, closing remaining research gaps, such as quantifying inter-annual balancing requirements, is necessary. For this study, inter-annual variations of wind power yield and the resulting balancing requirements are analysed for the energy transition towards 100% renewable energy of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The energy system components are determined and cost implications are quantified comparing two options for inter-annual storage: e-hydrogen and e-methane for a low, medium, and high security case, which are expanded over ten years. The results indicate that more than 300 TWhth,LHV and 500 TWhth,LHV of inter-annual gas storage capacity in 2050 for the low and the high security case, respectively are required. For both investigated cases, the annual system costs increase notably compared to the reference scenario without inter-annual storage. For the case of e-hydrogen, the annualised system costs increase by 19% compared to an increase of 7% for e-methane for medium security cases. The difference in cost growth is due to significantly higher hydrogen underground storage costs that overcompensate additional system costs for e-methane production. This study provides an expansion from seasonal to inter-annual storage and a first estimate of inter-annual balancing requirements and costs.

Original language	English
Article number	133572
Number of pages	17
Journal	Energy
Volume	312
Early online date	25 Oct 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133572
Publication status	Published - 15 Dec 2024

Bibliographical note

The authors would like to thank Felicitas Rauh for reviewing literature. Philipp Diesing would like to thank the Reiner Lemoine Foundation for the valuable scholarship. Dominik Keiner would like to thank the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation for the valuable grant. The authors would like to thank Gabriel Lopez for proofreading.

Data Availability Statement

Data will be made available on request.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the LUT University Research Platform ‘GreenRenew’, which partly funded this research.

Funders	Funder number
LUT University

Keywords

Inter-annual storage
inter-annual variability
wind power
Wind-to-X
Long-duration storage

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

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title = "Exploring the demand for inter-annual storage for balancing wind energy variability in 100% renewable energy systems",

abstract = "As research in 100% renewable energy systems progresses, closing remaining research gaps, such as quantifying inter-annual balancing requirements, is necessary. For this study, inter-annual variations of wind power yield and the resulting balancing requirements are analysed for the energy transition towards 100% renewable energy of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The energy system components are determined and cost implications are quantified comparing two options for inter-annual storage: e-hydrogen and e-methane for a low, medium, and high security case, which are expanded over ten years. The results indicate that more than 300 TWhth,LHV and 500 TWhth,LHV of inter-annual gas storage capacity in 2050 for the low and the high security case, respectively are required. For both investigated cases, the annual system costs increase notably compared to the reference scenario without inter-annual storage. For the case of e-hydrogen, the annualised system costs increase by 19% compared to an increase of 7% for e-methane for medium security cases. The difference in cost growth is due to significantly higher hydrogen underground storage costs that overcompensate additional system costs for e-methane production. This study provides an expansion from seasonal to inter-annual storage and a first estimate of inter-annual balancing requirements and costs.",

keywords = "Inter-annual storage, inter-annual variability, wind power, Wind-to-X, Long-duration storage",

author = "Philipp Diesing and Dimitrii Bogdanov and Dominik Keiner and Rasul Satymov and David Toke and Christian Breyer",

note = "The authors would like to thank Felicitas Rauh for reviewing literature. Philipp Diesing would like to thank the Reiner Lemoine Foundation for the valuable scholarship. Dominik Keiner would like to thank the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation for the valuable grant. The authors would like to thank Gabriel Lopez for proofreading.",

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AU - Diesing, Philipp

AU - Bogdanov, Dimitrii

AU - Keiner, Dominik

AU - Satymov, Rasul

AU - Toke, David

AU - Breyer, Christian

N1 - The authors would like to thank Felicitas Rauh for reviewing literature. Philipp Diesing would like to thank the Reiner Lemoine Foundation for the valuable scholarship. Dominik Keiner would like to thank the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation for the valuable grant. The authors would like to thank Gabriel Lopez for proofreading.

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Y1 - 2024/12/15

N2 - As research in 100% renewable energy systems progresses, closing remaining research gaps, such as quantifying inter-annual balancing requirements, is necessary. For this study, inter-annual variations of wind power yield and the resulting balancing requirements are analysed for the energy transition towards 100% renewable energy of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The energy system components are determined and cost implications are quantified comparing two options for inter-annual storage: e-hydrogen and e-methane for a low, medium, and high security case, which are expanded over ten years. The results indicate that more than 300 TWhth,LHV and 500 TWhth,LHV of inter-annual gas storage capacity in 2050 for the low and the high security case, respectively are required. For both investigated cases, the annual system costs increase notably compared to the reference scenario without inter-annual storage. For the case of e-hydrogen, the annualised system costs increase by 19% compared to an increase of 7% for e-methane for medium security cases. The difference in cost growth is due to significantly higher hydrogen underground storage costs that overcompensate additional system costs for e-methane production. This study provides an expansion from seasonal to inter-annual storage and a first estimate of inter-annual balancing requirements and costs.

AB - As research in 100% renewable energy systems progresses, closing remaining research gaps, such as quantifying inter-annual balancing requirements, is necessary. For this study, inter-annual variations of wind power yield and the resulting balancing requirements are analysed for the energy transition towards 100% renewable energy of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The energy system components are determined and cost implications are quantified comparing two options for inter-annual storage: e-hydrogen and e-methane for a low, medium, and high security case, which are expanded over ten years. The results indicate that more than 300 TWhth,LHV and 500 TWhth,LHV of inter-annual gas storage capacity in 2050 for the low and the high security case, respectively are required. For both investigated cases, the annual system costs increase notably compared to the reference scenario without inter-annual storage. For the case of e-hydrogen, the annualised system costs increase by 19% compared to an increase of 7% for e-methane for medium security cases. The difference in cost growth is due to significantly higher hydrogen underground storage costs that overcompensate additional system costs for e-methane production. This study provides an expansion from seasonal to inter-annual storage and a first estimate of inter-annual balancing requirements and costs.

KW - Inter-annual storage

KW - inter-annual variability

KW - wind power

KW - Wind-to-X

KW - Long-duration storage

U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133572

DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133572

M3 - Article

SN - 0360-5442

VL - 312

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M1 - 133572

ER -

Exploring the demand for inter-annual storage for balancing wind energy variability in 100% renewable energy systems

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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