Abstract
This paper analyzes how sanitation can be improved in the informal settlements of East African cities through a hybrid model. Qualitative research was carried out in eight settlements in three cities. Findings show that all cities apply a hybrid model (with some variation) when providing improved sanitation to their residents. Sanitation services were available in all cities, but there was no evidence of the state actively organizing a functioning sanitation market in Kampala or Kisumu. This implies that a hybrid model with a strong and committed developmental state is the right choice in the context of the informal settlements of East African cities.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 229-244 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | International Journal of Water Resources Development |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| Early online date | 11 Apr 2017 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Feb 2018 |
Bibliographical note
AcknowledgementsThis article draws on research carried out as part of a Post-Doctoral Grants (Post-doc) Scheme through the University of Rwanda, UR-Sweden Programme of Research, Higher Education and Institutional Advancement, which is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). It was also built on a larger project (3K-SAN Project) that was funded by SPLASH, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The authors would like to thank the funders and all institutions involved in this research.
Keywords
- sanitation
- informal settlements
- East Africa
- market approach
- state-led approach