Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed

Helle Katrine  Knutsen; Jan Alexander; Lars Barregård; Margherita Bignami; Beat  Brüschweiler; Sandra Ceccatelli; Bruce Cottrill; Michael Dinovi; Lutz Edler; Bettina  Grasl-Kraupp; Christer  Hogstrand; Laurentius (Ron)  Hoogenboom; Carlo Stefano  Nebbia; Annette  Petersen; Martin  Rose; Alain-Claude  Roudot; Tanja  Schwerdtle; Christiane  Vleminckx; Günter  Vollmer; Heather Wallace; Chiara Dall'Asta; Sven Dänicke; Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen; Andrea Altieri; Ruth Roldán Torres; Isabelle P. Oswald; EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851

Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed

Helle Katrine Knutsen, Jan Alexander, Lars Barregård, Margherita Bignami, Beat Brüschweiler, Sandra Ceccatelli, Bruce Cottrill, Michael Dinovi, Lutz Edler, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp, Christer Hogstrand, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom, Carlo Stefano Nebbia, Annette Petersen, Martin Rose, Alain-Claude Roudot, Tanja Schwerdtle, Christiane Vleminckx, Günter Vollmer, Heather WallaceChiara Dall'Asta, Sven Dänicke, Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen, Andrea Altieri, Ruth Roldán Torres, Isabelle P. Oswald, EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)

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Abstract

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.

Original language	English
Article number	e04851
Number of pages	123
Journal	EFSA Journal
Volume	15
Issue number	7
Early online date	31 Jul 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851
Publication status	Published - Jul 2017

Bibliographical note

An editorial amendment was carried out that does not materially affect the contents or outcome of this scientific output. On p. 84 the reference Jiang et al. (2012) has been corrected so as to match the main text and conclusions on adverse effects on pigs. To avoid confusion, the older version has been removed from the EFSA Journal, but is available on request, as is a version showing all the changes made.
Acknowledgements: The EFSA CONTAM Panel thanks the hearing expert Andrew David Hart, member of the EFSA WG on Uncertainty in Risk Assessment for the support provided to this scientific output. The Panel acknowledges all European countries and European stakeholder organisations that provided feed consumption data and occurrence data on zearalenone and its modified forms in feed.
Adopted: 10 May 2017
Reproduction of the image listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder:Figure 4: © Elsevier Ltd.
Amended: 18 July 2018

Keywords

zearalenone
modified forms
metabolites
feed
exposure
toxicity
animal health risk assessment

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851Licence: CC BY-ND

Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed
© 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Final published version, 11.9 MBLicence: CC BY-ND

Cite this

Knutsen, H. K., Alexander, J., Barregård, L., Bignami, M., Brüschweiler, B., Ceccatelli, S., Cottrill, B., Dinovi, M., Edler, L., Grasl-Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, C., Hoogenboom, L., Nebbia, C. S., Petersen, A., Rose, M., Roudot, A-C., Schwerdtle, T., Vleminckx, C., Vollmer, G., ... EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) (2017). Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed. EFSA Journal, 15(7), [e04851]. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851

Knutsen, HK, Alexander, J, Barregård, L, Bignami, M, Brüschweiler, B, Ceccatelli, S, Cottrill, B, Dinovi, M, Edler, L, Grasl-Kraupp, B, Hogstrand, C, Hoogenboom, L, Nebbia, CS, Petersen, A, Rose, M, Roudot, A-C, Schwerdtle, T, Vleminckx, C, Vollmer, G, Wallace, H, Dall'Asta, C, Dänicke, S, Eriksen, GS, Altieri, A, Torres, RR, Oswald, IP & EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2017, 'Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed', EFSA Journal, vol. 15, no. 7, e04851. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851

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abstract = "Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms. ",

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author = "Knutsen, {Helle Katrine} and Jan Alexander and Lars Barreg{\aa}rd and Margherita Bignami and Beat Br{\"u}schweiler and Sandra Ceccatelli and Bruce Cottrill and Michael Dinovi and Lutz Edler and Bettina Grasl-Kraupp and Christer Hogstrand and Hoogenboom, {Laurentius (Ron)} and Nebbia, {Carlo Stefano} and Annette Petersen and Martin Rose and Alain-Claude Roudot and Tanja Schwerdtle and Christiane Vleminckx and G{\"u}nter Vollmer and Heather Wallace and Chiara Dall'Asta and Sven D{\"a}nicke and Eriksen, {Gunnar Sundst{\o}l} and Andrea Altieri and Torres, {Ruth Rold{\'a}n} and Oswald, {Isabelle P.} and {EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)}",

note = "An editorial amendment was carried out that does not materially affect the contents or outcome of this scientific output. On p. 84 the reference Jiang et al. (2012) has been corrected so as to match the main text and conclusions on adverse effects on pigs. To avoid confusion, the older version has been removed from the EFSA Journal, but is available on request, as is a version showing all the changes made. Acknowledgements: The EFSA CONTAM Panel thanks the hearing expert Andrew David Hart, member of the EFSA WG on Uncertainty in Risk Assessment for the support provided to this scientific output. The Panel acknowledges all European countries and European stakeholder organisations that provided feed consumption data and occurrence data on zearalenone and its modified forms in feed. Adopted: 10 May 2017 Reproduction of the image listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder:Figure 4: {\textcopyright} Elsevier Ltd. Amended: 18 July 2018 ",

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T1 - Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed

AU - Knutsen, Helle Katrine

AU - Alexander, Jan

AU - Barregård, Lars

AU - Bignami, Margherita

AU - Brüschweiler, Beat

AU - Ceccatelli, Sandra

AU - Cottrill, Bruce

AU - Dinovi, Michael

AU - Edler, Lutz

AU - Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina

AU - Hogstrand, Christer

AU - Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)

AU - Nebbia, Carlo Stefano

AU - Petersen, Annette

AU - Rose, Martin

AU - Roudot, Alain-Claude

AU - Schwerdtle, Tanja

AU - Vleminckx, Christiane

AU - Vollmer, Günter

AU - Wallace, Heather

AU - Dall'Asta, Chiara

AU - Dänicke, Sven

AU - Eriksen, Gunnar Sundstøl

AU - Altieri, Andrea

AU - Torres, Ruth Roldán

AU - Oswald, Isabelle P.

AU - EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)

N1 - An editorial amendment was carried out that does not materially affect the contents or outcome of this scientific output. On p. 84 the reference Jiang et al. (2012) has been corrected so as to match the main text and conclusions on adverse effects on pigs. To avoid confusion, the older version has been removed from the EFSA Journal, but is available on request, as is a version showing all the changes made. Acknowledgements: The EFSA CONTAM Panel thanks the hearing expert Andrew David Hart, member of the EFSA WG on Uncertainty in Risk Assessment for the support provided to this scientific output. The Panel acknowledges all European countries and European stakeholder organisations that provided feed consumption data and occurrence data on zearalenone and its modified forms in feed. Adopted: 10 May 2017 Reproduction of the image listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder:Figure 4: © Elsevier Ltd. Amended: 18 July 2018

PY - 2017/7

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N2 - Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.

AB - Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.

KW - zearalenone

KW - modified forms

KW - metabolites

KW - feed

KW - exposure

KW - toxicity

KW - animal health risk assessment

U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851

DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851

M3 - Article

SN - 1831-4732

VL - 15

JO - EFSA Journal

JF - EFSA Journal

IS - 7

M1 - e04851

ER -

Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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