Skeletal muscle morphology and capillarization of renal failure patients receiving different dialysis therapies

The morphology of gastrocnemius muscles was examined in RFPs (renal failure patients) being treated using HD (haemodialysis) and CARD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis). RFPs (n = 24) volunteered to participate in the present study. Twelve RFPs (five women and seven men; mean age, 55 years) were undergoing CAPD treatment and 12 RFPs (two women and ten men; mean age, 62 years) were undergoing HD treatment. Muscle biopsies from gastrocnemius muscles were found not to differ (P > 0.05) in fibre type distribution, MyHC (myosin heavy chain) expression or fibre CSA (cross-sectional area) between the two groups. There were, however, significant differences (P < 0.05) in CC/F (capillary contact/fibre), C/F (capillary to fibre ratio) and cytochrome c oxidase activity. The HD group had 33% more CC/F, with a 19% higher C/F and 33% greater cytochrome c activity in glycolytic fibres (II) than the CAPD group. There were no apparent differences in age, gender, co-morbidity, self-reported physical activity or physical functioning between the two groups, which could account for the difference in muscle capillarity between the groups. The HD patients were, however, administered heparin as a routine part of the dialysis therapy. The possibility is discussed that heparin in combination with mild anaemia and acidosis may have augmented angiogenesis in the HD patients.