Taxonomy development for term standardization in activity resulting from medication review processes: a Delphi study

Mohammed S. Alharthi; Sion Scott; Carmel Hughes; Christine Bond; Ernieda Hatah; Linda Bryant; Richard Holland; Sam Kosari; Wasim Baqir; Yoon Loke; David Wright

doi:10.1093/ijpp/riae002

Taxonomy development for term standardization in activity resulting from medication review processes: a Delphi study

Mohammed S. Alharthi^*
, Sion Scott
, Carmel Hughes
, Christine Bond
, Ernieda Hatah
, Linda Bryant
, Richard Holland
, Sam Kosari
, Wasim Baqir
, Yoon Loke
, David Wright

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: Medication review (MR) is the systematic assessment of a patient’s medications for safety and effectiveness by a healthcare professional. The language used to describe MR activity, such as stopped medicine and increased dose, should be consistent across studies to assist researchers compare how different services operate and identify their mechanism of impact. Aim: To develop an international taxonomy of standardized terms and activity definitions related to medication reviews. Method: This was a three-stage Delphi-based consensus study with international medication review experts. A systematic review provided MR activity terms for the survey. Experts rated their consensus on each activity term and its definition on a Likert scale and provided written feedback. The consensus was 75% panel agreement. At each stage, consensus elements were retained, and feedback was used to revise definitions. Results: Seven experts were recruited for the study (response rate 15.2%) from four countries: the United Kingdom (n = 4), New Zealand (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), and Malaysia (n = 1). The following terms achieved consensus: the term Medication as a descriptor for MR terms; discontinue medication, start medication, dose increase, dose decrease, dosage form change, and medication safety and efficacy monitor to describe MR activity; Educate to describe the delivery of healthcare professionals and patients/carers education. Conclusion: Standardized medication review activity terms and definitions have been selected for universal adoption in all future MR research to facilitate a meaningful comparison of process evaluations within different settings.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	180-185
Number of pages	6
Journal	International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
Volume	32
Issue number	2
Early online date	22 Feb 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riae002
Publication status	Published - Apr 2024

Bibliographical note

The researcher (M.S.A.) would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at Taif University for its support during this study. Also, the researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to Professor David Alldred, Dr Arnold Zermansky, University of Leeds, and Dr Linda Birt, University of Leicester, for their valuable contribution and support during this research.

Data Availability Statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its Supplementary Files. Raw data are available from the corresponding author, upon a reasonable request.

Keywords

consensus
medication review
process evaluation
standardization
taxonomy

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Cite this

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title = "Taxonomy development for term standardization in activity resulting from medication review processes: a Delphi study",

abstract = "Background: Medication review (MR) is the systematic assessment of a patient{\textquoteright}s medications for safety and effectiveness by a healthcare professional. The language used to describe MR activity, such as stopped medicine and increased dose, should be consistent across studies to assist researchers compare how different services operate and identify their mechanism of impact. Aim: To develop an international taxonomy of standardized terms and activity definitions related to medication reviews. Method: This was a three-stage Delphi-based consensus study with international medication review experts. A systematic review provided MR activity terms for the survey. Experts rated their consensus on each activity term and its definition on a Likert scale and provided written feedback. The consensus was 75\% panel agreement. At each stage, consensus elements were retained, and feedback was used to revise definitions. Results: Seven experts were recruited for the study (response rate 15.2\%) from four countries: the United Kingdom (n = 4), New Zealand (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), and Malaysia (n = 1). The following terms achieved consensus: the term Medication as a descriptor for MR terms; discontinue medication, start medication, dose increase, dose decrease, dosage form change, and medication safety and efficacy monitor to describe MR activity; Educate to describe the delivery of healthcare professionals and patients/carers education. Conclusion: Standardized medication review activity terms and definitions have been selected for universal adoption in all future MR research to facilitate a meaningful comparison of process evaluations within different settings.",

keywords = "consensus, medication review, process evaluation, standardization, taxonomy",

author = "Alharthi, \{Mohammed S.\} and Sion Scott and Carmel Hughes and Christine Bond and Ernieda Hatah and Linda Bryant and Richard Holland and Sam Kosari and Wasim Baqir and Yoon Loke and David Wright",

note = "The researcher (M.S.A.) would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at Taif University for its support during this study. Also, the researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to Professor David Alldred, Dr Arnold Zermansky, University of Leeds, and Dr Linda Birt, University of Leicester, for their valuable contribution and support during this research.",

year = "2024",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1093/ijpp/riae002",

language = "English",

volume = "32",

pages = "180--185",

journal = "International Journal of Pharmacy Practice",

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T1 - Taxonomy development for term standardization in activity resulting from medication review processes

T2 - a Delphi study

AU - Alharthi, Mohammed S.

AU - Scott, Sion

AU - Hughes, Carmel

AU - Bond, Christine

AU - Hatah, Ernieda

AU - Bryant, Linda

AU - Holland, Richard

AU - Kosari, Sam

AU - Baqir, Wasim

AU - Loke, Yoon

AU - Wright, David

N1 - The researcher (M.S.A.) would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at Taif University for its support during this study. Also, the researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to Professor David Alldred, Dr Arnold Zermansky, University of Leeds, and Dr Linda Birt, University of Leicester, for their valuable contribution and support during this research.

PY - 2024/4

Y1 - 2024/4

N2 - Background: Medication review (MR) is the systematic assessment of a patient’s medications for safety and effectiveness by a healthcare professional. The language used to describe MR activity, such as stopped medicine and increased dose, should be consistent across studies to assist researchers compare how different services operate and identify their mechanism of impact. Aim: To develop an international taxonomy of standardized terms and activity definitions related to medication reviews. Method: This was a three-stage Delphi-based consensus study with international medication review experts. A systematic review provided MR activity terms for the survey. Experts rated their consensus on each activity term and its definition on a Likert scale and provided written feedback. The consensus was 75% panel agreement. At each stage, consensus elements were retained, and feedback was used to revise definitions. Results: Seven experts were recruited for the study (response rate 15.2%) from four countries: the United Kingdom (n = 4), New Zealand (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), and Malaysia (n = 1). The following terms achieved consensus: the term Medication as a descriptor for MR terms; discontinue medication, start medication, dose increase, dose decrease, dosage form change, and medication safety and efficacy monitor to describe MR activity; Educate to describe the delivery of healthcare professionals and patients/carers education. Conclusion: Standardized medication review activity terms and definitions have been selected for universal adoption in all future MR research to facilitate a meaningful comparison of process evaluations within different settings.

AB - Background: Medication review (MR) is the systematic assessment of a patient’s medications for safety and effectiveness by a healthcare professional. The language used to describe MR activity, such as stopped medicine and increased dose, should be consistent across studies to assist researchers compare how different services operate and identify their mechanism of impact. Aim: To develop an international taxonomy of standardized terms and activity definitions related to medication reviews. Method: This was a three-stage Delphi-based consensus study with international medication review experts. A systematic review provided MR activity terms for the survey. Experts rated their consensus on each activity term and its definition on a Likert scale and provided written feedback. The consensus was 75% panel agreement. At each stage, consensus elements were retained, and feedback was used to revise definitions. Results: Seven experts were recruited for the study (response rate 15.2%) from four countries: the United Kingdom (n = 4), New Zealand (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), and Malaysia (n = 1). The following terms achieved consensus: the term Medication as a descriptor for MR terms; discontinue medication, start medication, dose increase, dose decrease, dosage form change, and medication safety and efficacy monitor to describe MR activity; Educate to describe the delivery of healthcare professionals and patients/carers education. Conclusion: Standardized medication review activity terms and definitions have been selected for universal adoption in all future MR research to facilitate a meaningful comparison of process evaluations within different settings.

KW - consensus

KW - medication review

KW - process evaluation

KW - standardization

KW - taxonomy

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85187140435

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DO - 10.1093/ijpp/riae002

M3 - Article

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AN - SCOPUS:85187140435

SN - 0961-7671

VL - 32

SP - 180

EP - 185

JO - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

JF - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

IS - 2

ER -

Taxonomy development for term standardization in activity resulting from medication review processes: a Delphi study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

Keywords

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