Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Rebecca Rimbach; Yosuke Yamada; Hiroyuki Sagayama; Philip N. Ainslie; Lene F. Anderson; Liam J. Anderson; Lenore Arab; Issaad Baddou; Kweku Bedu-Addo; Ellen E. Blaak; Stephane Blanc; Alberto G. Bonomi; Carlijn V.C. Bouten; Pascal Bovet; Maciej S. Buchowski; Nancy F. Butte; Stefan G.J.A. Camps; Graeme L. Close; Jamie A. Cooper; Sai Krupa Das; Lara R. Dugas; Ulf Ekelund; Sonja Entringer; Terrence Forrester; Barry W. Fudge; Annelies H. Goris; Michael Gurven; Catherine Hambly; Asmaa El Hamdouchi; Marije B. Hoos; Sumei Hu; Noorjehan Joonas; Annemiek M. Joosen; Peter Katzmarzyk; Kitty P. Kempen; Misaka Kimura; William E. Kraus; Robert F. Kushner; Estelle V. Lambert; William R. Leonard; Nader Lessan; Corby K. Martin; Anine C. Medin; Erwin P. Meijer; James C. Morehen; James P. Morton; Marian L. Neuhouser; Theresa A. Nicklas; Robert M. Ojiambo; Kirsi H. Pietiläinen; John Speakman; The IAEA DLW Database Consortium; Yannis P Pitsiladis; Jacob  Plange-Rhule; Guy Plasqui; Ross L.  Prentice; Roberto A.  Rabinovich; Susan B.  Racette; David A.  Raichlen; Eric Ravussin; Rebecca M Reynolds; Susan B. Roberts; Albertine J. Schuit; Anders M. Sjodin; Eric  Stice; Samuel S.  Urlacher; Giulio  Valenti; Ludo M.  Van Etten; Edgar A.  Van Mil; Jonathan C.K.  Wells; George Wilson; Brian M.  Wood; Jack  Yanovski; Tsukasa  Yoshida; Xueying Zhang; Alexia J Murphy-Alford; Cornelia U.  Loechl; Amy Luke; Jennifer Rood; D. A. Schoeller; Klaas R. Westerterp; William W Wong; Herman  Pontzer

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z

Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Rebecca Rimbach^*
, Yosuke Yamada^*
, Hiroyuki Sagayama^*
, Philip N. Ainslie
, Lene F. Anderson
, Liam J. Anderson
, Lenore Arab
, Issaad Baddou
, Kweku Bedu-Addo
, Ellen E. Blaak
, Stephane Blanc
, Alberto G. Bonomi
, Carlijn V.C. Bouten
, Pascal Bovet
, Maciej S. Buchowski
, Nancy F. Butte
, Stefan G.J.A. Camps
, Graeme L. Close
, Jamie A. Cooper
, Sai Krupa Das

Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle V. Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, John Speakman^* (Corresponding Author), The IAEA DLW Database Consortium, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Roberto A. Rabinovich, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Albertine J. Schuit, Anders M. Sjodin, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Jonathan C.K. Wells, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Amy Luke^* (Corresponding Author), Jennifer Rood^* (Corresponding Author), D. A. Schoeller^* (Corresponding Author), Klaas R. Westerterp^* (Corresponding Author), William W Wong^* (Corresponding Author), Herman Pontzer^* (Corresponding Author)

^*Corresponding author for this work

Duke University
University of the Witwatersrand
National Institute of Health and Nutrition Tokyo
Kyoto University of Advanced Science
University of Tsukuba
Liverpool John Moores University
University of Oslo
Crewe Alexandra Football Club
University of California at Los Angeles
Ibn Tofail University
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Maastricht University
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Université de Strasbourg
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Eindhoven University of Technology
University of Lausanne
Vanderbilt University
United States Department of Agriculture
Loyola University Chicago
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
University of California at Irvine
The University of the West Indies
University of Glasgow
University of California at Santa Barbara
CAS - Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology
Ministry of Health
LSU Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Northwestern University
University of Cape Town
Imperial College London
University of Agder
University of Washington
Moi University
University of Global Health Equity
University of Helsinki
Tufts University
University of Brighton
University of Washington Seattle
University of Edinburgh
Washington University (WUSTL)
University of Southern California
Minist Hlth & Wellness, Cent Hlth Lab
Tilburg University
University of Copenhagen
Stanford University
Baylor University
Jeroen Bosch Hosp S Hertogenbosch, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Lifestyle Med Ctr Children
UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
National Institutes of Health
National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA
Kyoto University
IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency, Div Human Hlth, Nutr & Hlth Related Environm Studies Sect
International Atomic Energy Agency
Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, University of Louisiana Lafayette, Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Baylor College of Medicine
New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology

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Abstract

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

Original language	English
Article number	99
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z
Publication status	Published - 10 Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home or https://www.dlwdatabase.org/, is generously supported by the IAEA, Taiyo Nippon Sanso and, SERCON. We are grateful to David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling for their contributed data. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer.

These authors contributed equally: Rebecca Rimbach, John R. Speakman, Herman Pontzer.

Data Availability Statement

All data supporting the analyses and results in this paper are available from the Doubly Labeled Water Database (https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home, https://www.dlwdatabase.org/) upon reasonable request. Because of human study participant confidentiality the database is not open access. However, access to components of the data is freely available to perform novel and approved analyses. Details of the application process are available at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/dataAnalysisInstructions. Data published in this paper will be provided normally within 3 weeks of receipt of the request. Such data has unrestricted use except we ask users not to share the data with others or post it on social media or other internet sites. If users wish to publish analyses of such provided data, we ask that they adhere to the procedures established to ensure fair credit for those contributing the data into the DLW database.

We provide the source code used to perform analysis and output files through the OSF repository (https://osf.io/6q2kz/).

Funding

The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home or https://www.dlwdatabase.org/, is generously supported by the IAEA, Taiyo Nippon Sanso and, SERCON. We are grateful to David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling for their contributed data. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer.

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Cite this

Rimbach, R., Yamada, Y., Sagayama, H., Ainslie, P. N., Anderson, L. F., Anderson, L. J., Arab, L., Baddou, I., Bedu-Addo, K., Blaak, E. E., Blanc, S., Bonomi, A. G., Bouten, C. V. C., Bovet, P., Buchowski, M. S., Butte, N. F., Camps, S. G. J. A., Close, G. L., Cooper, J. A., ... Pontzer, H. (2022). Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z

Rimbach, R, Yamada, Y, Sagayama, H, Ainslie, PN, Anderson, LF, Anderson, LJ, Arab, L, Baddou, I, Bedu-Addo, K, Blaak, EE, Blanc, S, Bonomi, AG, Bouten, CVC, Bovet, P, Buchowski, MS, Butte, NF, Camps, SGJA, Close, GL, Cooper, JA, Das, SK, Dugas, LR, Ekelund, U, Entringer, S, Forrester, T, Fudge, BW, Goris, AH, Gurven, M, Hambly, C, El Hamdouchi, A, Hoos, MB, Hu, S, Joonas, N, Joosen, AM, Katzmarzyk, P, Kempen, KP, Kimura, M, Kraus, WE, Kushner, RF, Lambert, EV, Leonard, WR, Lessan, N, Martin, CK, Medin, AC, Meijer, EP, Morehen, JC, Morton, JP, Neuhouser, ML, Nicklas, TA, Ojiambo, RM, Pietiläinen, KH, Speakman, J, The IAEA DLW Database Consortium, Pitsiladis, YP, Plange-Rhule, J, Plasqui, G, Prentice, RL, Rabinovich, RA, Racette, SB, Raichlen, DA, Ravussin, E, Reynolds, RM, Roberts, SB, Schuit, AJ, Sjodin, AM, Stice, E, Urlacher, SS, Valenti, G, Van Etten, LM, Van Mil, EA, Wells, JCK, Wilson, G, Wood, BM, Yanovski, J, Yoshida, T, Zhang, X, Murphy-Alford, AJ, Loechl, CU, Luke, A, Rood, J, Schoeller, DA, Westerterp, KR, Wong, WW & Pontzer, H 2022, 'Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition', Nature Communications, vol. 13, no. 1, 99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z

@article{19414ece326e41179f58181d66a07ad0,

title = "Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition",

abstract = "Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20{\textendash}60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.",

author = "Rebecca Rimbach and Yosuke Yamada and Hiroyuki Sagayama and Ainslie, \{Philip N.\} and Anderson, \{Lene F.\} and Anderson, \{Liam J.\} and Lenore Arab and Issaad Baddou and Kweku Bedu-Addo and Blaak, \{Ellen E.\} and Stephane Blanc and Bonomi, \{Alberto G.\} and Bouten, \{Carlijn V.C.\} and Pascal Bovet and Buchowski, \{Maciej S.\} and Butte, \{Nancy F.\} and Camps, \{Stefan G.J.A.\} and Close, \{Graeme L.\} and Cooper, \{Jamie A.\} and Das, \{Sai Krupa\} and Dugas, \{Lara R.\} and Ulf Ekelund and Sonja Entringer and Terrence Forrester and Fudge, \{Barry W.\} and Goris, \{Annelies H.\} and Michael Gurven and Catherine Hambly and \{El Hamdouchi\}, Asmaa and Hoos, \{Marije B.\} and Sumei Hu and Noorjehan Joonas and Joosen, \{Annemiek M.\} and Peter Katzmarzyk and Kempen, \{Kitty P.\} and Misaka Kimura and Kraus, \{William E.\} and Kushner, \{Robert F.\} and Lambert, \{Estelle V.\} and Leonard, \{William R.\} and Nader Lessan and Martin, \{Corby K.\} and Medin, \{Anine C.\} and Meijer, \{Erwin P.\} and Morehen, \{James C.\} and Morton, \{James P.\} and Neuhouser, \{Marian L.\} and Nicklas, \{Theresa A.\} and Ojiambo, \{Robert M.\} and Pietil{\"a}inen, \{Kirsi H.\} and John Speakman and \{The IAEA DLW Database Consortium\} and Pitsiladis, \{Yannis P\} and Jacob Plange-Rhule and Guy Plasqui and Prentice, \{Ross L.\} and Rabinovich, \{Roberto A.\} and Racette, \{Susan B.\} and Raichlen, \{David A.\} and Eric Ravussin and Reynolds, \{Rebecca M\} and Roberts, \{Susan B.\} and Schuit, \{Albertine J.\} and Sjodin, \{Anders M.\} and Eric Stice and Urlacher, \{Samuel S.\} and Giulio Valenti and \{Van Etten\}, \{Ludo M.\} and \{Van Mil\}, \{Edgar A.\} and Wells, \{Jonathan C.K.\} and George Wilson and Wood, \{Brian M.\} and Jack Yanovski and Tsukasa Yoshida and Xueying Zhang and Murphy-Alford, \{Alexia J\} and Loechl, \{Cornelia U.\} and Amy Luke and Jennifer Rood and Schoeller, \{D. A.\} and Westerterp, \{Klaas R.\} and Wong, \{William W\} and Herman Pontzer",

note = "Funding Information: The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home or https://www.dlwdatabase.org/, is generously supported by the IAEA, Taiyo Nippon Sanso and, SERCON. We are grateful to David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling for their contributed data. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer. These authors contributed equally: Rebecca Rimbach, John R. Speakman, Herman Pontzer.",

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language = "English",

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AU - Rimbach, Rebecca

AU - Yamada, Yosuke

AU - Sagayama, Hiroyuki

AU - Ainslie, Philip N.

AU - Anderson, Lene F.

AU - Anderson, Liam J.

AU - Arab, Lenore

AU - Baddou, Issaad

AU - Bedu-Addo, Kweku

AU - Blaak, Ellen E.

AU - Blanc, Stephane

AU - Bonomi, Alberto G.

AU - Bouten, Carlijn V.C.

AU - Bovet, Pascal

AU - Buchowski, Maciej S.

AU - Butte, Nancy F.

AU - Camps, Stefan G.J.A.

AU - Close, Graeme L.

AU - Cooper, Jamie A.

AU - Das, Sai Krupa

AU - Dugas, Lara R.

AU - Ekelund, Ulf

AU - Entringer, Sonja

AU - Forrester, Terrence

AU - Fudge, Barry W.

AU - Goris, Annelies H.

AU - Gurven, Michael

AU - Hambly, Catherine

AU - El Hamdouchi, Asmaa

AU - Hoos, Marije B.

AU - Hu, Sumei

AU - Joonas, Noorjehan

AU - Joosen, Annemiek M.

AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter

AU - Kempen, Kitty P.

AU - Kimura, Misaka

AU - Kraus, William E.

AU - Kushner, Robert F.

AU - Lambert, Estelle V.

AU - Leonard, William R.

AU - Lessan, Nader

AU - Martin, Corby K.

AU - Medin, Anine C.

AU - Meijer, Erwin P.

AU - Morehen, James C.

AU - Morton, James P.

AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.

AU - Nicklas, Theresa A.

AU - Ojiambo, Robert M.

AU - Pietiläinen, Kirsi H.

AU - Speakman, John

AU - The IAEA DLW Database Consortium

AU - Pitsiladis, Yannis P

AU - Plange-Rhule, Jacob

AU - Plasqui, Guy

AU - Prentice, Ross L.

AU - Rabinovich, Roberto A.

AU - Racette, Susan B.

AU - Raichlen, David A.

AU - Ravussin, Eric

AU - Reynolds, Rebecca M

AU - Roberts, Susan B.

AU - Schuit, Albertine J.

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AU - Zhang, Xueying

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AU - Loechl, Cornelia U.

AU - Luke, Amy

AU - Rood, Jennifer

AU - Schoeller, D. A.

AU - Westerterp, Klaas R.

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AU - Pontzer, Herman

N1 - Funding Information: The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home or https://www.dlwdatabase.org/, is generously supported by the IAEA, Taiyo Nippon Sanso and, SERCON. We are grateful to David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling for their contributed data. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer. These authors contributed equally: Rebecca Rimbach, John R. Speakman, Herman Pontzer.

PY - 2022/1/10

Y1 - 2022/1/10

N2 - Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

AB - Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

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DO - 10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z

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JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

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ER -

Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

Funding

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