A systematic map of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction

Liam R. Dougherty* (Corresponding Author), Fay Frost, Maarit I. Maenpaa, Melissah Rowe, Benjamin J. Cole, Ramakrishnan Vasudeva, Patrice Pottier, Eva Schultner, Erin L. Macartney, Ina Lindenbaum, Jamie L. Smith, Pau Carazo, Marco Graziano, Hester Weaving, Berta Canal Domenech, David Berger, Abhishek Meena, Tom Rhys Bishop, Daniel W. A. Noble, Pedro SimõesJulian Baur, Merel C. Breedveld, Erik I. Svensson, Lesley T. Lancaster, Jacintha Ellers, Alessio N. De Nardo, Marta A. Santos, Steven A. Ramm, Szymon M. Drobniak, Matteo Redana, Cristina Tuni, Natalie Pilakouta, Z. Valentina Zizzari, Graziella Iossa, Stefan Lüpold, Mareike Koppik, Regan Early, Clelia Gasparini, Shinichi Nakagawa, Malgorzata Lagisz, Amanda Bretman, Claudia Fricke, Rhonda R. Snook, Tom A. R. Price

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Exposure to extreme temperatures can negatively affect animal reproduction, by disrupting the ability of individuals to produce any offspring (fertility), or the number of offspring produced by fertile individuals (fecundity). This has important ecological consequences, because reproduction is the ultimate measure of population fitness: a reduction in reproductive output lowers the population growth rate and increases the extinction risk. Despite this importance, there have been no large-scale summaries of the evidence for effect of temperature on reproduction. We provide a systematic map of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction. We systematically searched for published studies that statistically test for a direct link between temperature and animal reproduction, in terms of fertility, fecundity or indirect measures of reproductive potential (gamete and gonad traits). Overall, we collated a large and rich evidence base, with 1654 papers that met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 1191 species. The map revealed several important research gaps. Insects made up almost half of the dataset, but reptiles and amphibians were uncommon, as were non-arthropod invertebrates. Fecundity was the most common reproductive trait examined, and relatively few studies measured fertility. It was uncommon for experimental studies to test exposure of different life stages, exposure to short-term heat or cold shock, exposure to temperature fluctuations, or to independently assess male and female effects. Studies were most often published in journals focusing on entomology and pest control, ecology and evolution, aquaculture and fisheries science, and marine biology. Finally, while individuals were sampled from every continent, there was a strong sampling bias towards mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, such that the tropics and polar regions are less well sampled. This map reveals a rich literature of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction, but also uncovers substantial missing treatment of taxa, traits, and thermal regimes. This database will provide a valuable resource for future quantitative meta-analyses, and direct future studies aiming to fill identified gaps.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbere12303
Number of pages17
JournalEcological Solutions and Evidence
Volume5
Issue number1
Early online date1 Feb 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Mar 2024

Bibliographical note

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank two anonymous reviews for suggestions that improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the European Society for Evolution (which funds a Special Topic Network on Evolutionary Ecology of Thermal Fertility Limits to CF, AB, RRS and TARP), the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/P002692/1 to TARP, AB and RRS, NE/X011550/1 to LRD and TARP), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/W016753/1 to AB, TARP and RRS) and a Heisenberg fellowship from the German Research Foundation (FR 2973/11-1 to CF).

Keywords

  • climate change
  • egg
  • evidence map
  • sperm
  • sterility
  • systematic review
  • thermal fertility limit
  • thermal tolerance

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