Analysis and Calibration of Empirical Relationships for Estimating Evapotranspiration in Qatar: Case Study

Knowledge of evapotranspiration (ETo), which is the process of water loss from vegetated soils due to evaporation and transpiration, is important in real-time irrigation management and water-resource allocation, particularly in water-scarce regions. In this study, several methods used in estimating evapotranspiration, including the Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, and Turc methods were calibrated and validated against the Penman-Monteith model, which is considered as the standard method of estimating evapotranspiration. The paper utilizes data from the Doha International Airport meteorological station over a period of 30 years (January 1985–December 2014). ETo values were estimated using the different methods. These values were then compared to those obtained by the Penman-Monteith method. Using appropriate indicators, the Turc method was found to be the best for estimating ETo over Doha (R2 ¼ 0.9519, RMSE ¼ 1.4511 mm day−1, and MAE ¼ 1.1633 mm day−1). The Turc method comes in handy for estimating ETo over Qatar as it utilizes only three meteorological parameters (mean temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation), which are easily measurable over that area.