Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as a model to predict the optimum inclusion of air classified faba bean protein concentrate in feeds for seawater salmon

C. De Santis; K. Ruohonen; D. R. Tocher; S. A M Martin; E. Król; C. J. Secombes; J. G. Bell; A. El-Mowafi; V. O. Crampton

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.024

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as a model to predict the optimum inclusion of air classified faba bean protein concentrate in feeds for seawater salmon

C. De Santis^*, K. Ruohonen, D. R. Tocher, S. A M Martin, E. Król, C. J. Secombes, J. G. Bell, A. El-Mowafi, V. O. Crampton

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Faba bean (Vicia faba) is a legume with good potential that has previously been tested in fish species with some promising results. The present study aimed to determine whether an air-classified faba bean protein concentrate (BPC, 615gkg-1 crude protein content) could offer improved or favourable growth performance, body composition and gut health compared to commercially used protein sources such as FM and soy protein concentrate (SPC) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The trial investigated the performance of 16 feeds formulated with varying FM/SPC/BPC proportions using a mixture design approach. Salmon parr of average weight of 1.47g were used as a model. The trial lasted eight weeks and also included high FM (560gkg-1) and high defatted soybean meal (SBM, 360gkg-1) feeds as negative and positive controls respectively, for the assessment of enteritis in the distal intestine. The effects on growth performance, body nutrient composition, survival and fish health, specifically gut histology, were determined. The results demonstrated conclusively that total inclusion levels of BPC ranging from 50 to 200gkg-1, partially replacing SPC and/or FM, displayed the greatest potential to be beneficial in terms of fish performance and nutrient composition with increased growth, protein content, fat content and ash. In addition to favourable whole-body composition parameters, it was found that inclusions of BPC below 340gkg-1 of feed did not cause detrimental effects such as the enteritis observed in fish fed the high soybean meal control. High inclusion level (447.2gkg-1) of BPC caused a mild inflammation that was not as severe as that caused by the feed with high SBM. The results of this screening study indicate that BPC derived from faba beans can be a valuable alternative protein source in Atlantic salmon feeds. The data provided a platform to model the optimum range of BPC inclusion levels in combination with FM and SPC for further investigation in commercially relevant fish and conditions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	70-78
Number of pages	9
Journal	Aquaculture
Volume	444
Early online date	30 Mar 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.024
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2015

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements
This research and CdS was funded by the UK Technology Strategy Board (TSB) Sustainable Protein Production initiative (project no. 101096). We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the EWOS Innovation Dirdal research facility, in particular Jannicke Vigen for management and conduct of the growth trial and Ann Gunn Brådli for assistance with laboratory analyses. We also thank Kevin Mackenzie and Gillian Milne (Microscopy and Histology Facility, University of Aberdeen, UK) for assistance with histological techniques and microscopy.

Keywords

Air classification
Enteritis
Faba bean protein concentrate
Fishmeal replacement
Mixture models

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10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.024Licence: Unspecified

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as a model to predict the optimum inclusion of air classified faba bean protein concentrate in feeds for seawater salmon
NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Aquaculture. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Aquaculture, VOL 444 (2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.024 This manuscript is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial-No Derivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute this work non-commercially provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Cite this

De Santis, C., Ruohonen, K., Tocher, D. R., Martin, S. A. M., Król, E., Secombes, C. J., Bell, J. G., El-Mowafi, A., & Crampton, V. O. (2015). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as a model to predict the optimum inclusion of air classified faba bean protein concentrate in feeds for seawater salmon. Aquaculture, 444, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.024

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abstract = "Faba bean (Vicia faba) is a legume with good potential that has previously been tested in fish species with some promising results. The present study aimed to determine whether an air-classified faba bean protein concentrate (BPC, 615gkg-1 crude protein content) could offer improved or favourable growth performance, body composition and gut health compared to commercially used protein sources such as FM and soy protein concentrate (SPC) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The trial investigated the performance of 16 feeds formulated with varying FM/SPC/BPC proportions using a mixture design approach. Salmon parr of average weight of 1.47g were used as a model. The trial lasted eight weeks and also included high FM (560gkg-1) and high defatted soybean meal (SBM, 360gkg-1) feeds as negative and positive controls respectively, for the assessment of enteritis in the distal intestine. The effects on growth performance, body nutrient composition, survival and fish health, specifically gut histology, were determined. The results demonstrated conclusively that total inclusion levels of BPC ranging from 50 to 200gkg-1, partially replacing SPC and/or FM, displayed the greatest potential to be beneficial in terms of fish performance and nutrient composition with increased growth, protein content, fat content and ash. In addition to favourable whole-body composition parameters, it was found that inclusions of BPC below 340gkg-1 of feed did not cause detrimental effects such as the enteritis observed in fish fed the high soybean meal control. High inclusion level (447.2gkg-1) of BPC caused a mild inflammation that was not as severe as that caused by the feed with high SBM. The results of this screening study indicate that BPC derived from faba beans can be a valuable alternative protein source in Atlantic salmon feeds. The data provided a platform to model the optimum range of BPC inclusion levels in combination with FM and SPC for further investigation in commercially relevant fish and conditions.",

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note = "Acknowledgements This research and CdS was funded by the UK Technology Strategy Board (TSB) Sustainable Protein Production initiative (project no. 101096). We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the EWOS Innovation Dirdal research facility, in particular Jannicke Vigen for management and conduct of the growth trial and Ann Gunn Br{\aa}dli for assistance with laboratory analyses. We also thank Kevin Mackenzie and Gillian Milne (Microscopy and Histology Facility, University of Aberdeen, UK) for assistance with histological techniques and microscopy.",

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AU - Martin, S. A M

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AU - Secombes, C. J.

AU - Bell, J. G.

AU - El-Mowafi, A.

AU - Crampton, V. O.

N1 - Acknowledgements This research and CdS was funded by the UK Technology Strategy Board (TSB) Sustainable Protein Production initiative (project no. 101096). We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the EWOS Innovation Dirdal research facility, in particular Jannicke Vigen for management and conduct of the growth trial and Ann Gunn Brådli for assistance with laboratory analyses. We also thank Kevin Mackenzie and Gillian Milne (Microscopy and Histology Facility, University of Aberdeen, UK) for assistance with histological techniques and microscopy.

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as a model to predict the optimum inclusion of air classified faba bean protein concentrate in feeds for seawater salmon

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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Microscopy and Histology

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as a model to predict the optimum inclusion of air classified faba bean protein concentrate in feeds for seawater salmon

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Equipment

Microscopy and Histology

Cite this