Bridging the gap between single- and multi-model predictive runtime verification

Angelo Ferrando; Rafael C. Cardoso; Marie Farrell; Matt Luckcuck; Fabio Papacchini; Michael Fisher; Viviana Mascardi

doi:10.1007/s10703-022-00395-7

Bridging the gap between single- and multi-model predictive runtime verification

Angelo Ferrando^* (Corresponding Author), Rafael C. Cardoso, Marie Farrell, Matt Luckcuck, Fabio Papacchini, Michael Fisher, Viviana Mascardi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

This paper presents an extension of the Predictive Runtime Verification (PRV) paradigm to consider multiple models of the System Under Analysis (SUA). We call this extension Multi-Model PRV. Typically, PRV attempts to predict the satisfaction or violation of a property based on a trace and a (single) formal model of the SUA. However, contemporary node- or component-based systems (e.g. robotic systems) may benefit from monitoring based on a model of each component. We show how a Multi-Model PRV approach can be applied in either a centralised or a compositional way (where the property is compositional), as best suits the SUA. Crucially, our approach is formalism-agnostic. We demonstrate our approach using an illustrative example of a Mars Curiosity rover simulation and evaluate our contribution via a prototype implementation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	44-76
Number of pages	33
Journal	Formal Methods in System Design
Volume	59
Issue number	1-3
Early online date	18 Aug 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-022-00395-7
Publication status	Published - 18 Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Genova within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. Research at Manchester was supported by both the Royal Academy of Engineering, under the Chairs in Emerging Technologies scheme, and the UKRI’s TAS Node in Verifiability (EP/V026801).

Data Availability Statement

Data availability: Not applicable.

Code availability: The GitHub repository containing the implementation of the tool is publicly available at https://github.com/AngeloFerrando/MultiModelPredictiveRuntimeVerifcation.

Keywords

Multi-model
Predictive runtime verification
Robotics
Runtime verification

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Cite this

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abstract = "This paper presents an extension of the Predictive Runtime Verification (PRV) paradigm to consider multiple models of the System Under Analysis (SUA). We call this extension Multi-Model PRV. Typically, PRV attempts to predict the satisfaction or violation of a property based on a trace and a (single) formal model of the SUA. However, contemporary node- or component-based systems (e.g. robotic systems) may benefit from monitoring based on a model of each component. We show how a Multi-Model PRV approach can be applied in either a centralised or a compositional way (where the property is compositional), as best suits the SUA. Crucially, our approach is formalism-agnostic. We demonstrate our approach using an illustrative example of a Mars Curiosity rover simulation and evaluate our contribution via a prototype implementation.",

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Bridging the gap between single- and multi-model predictive runtime verification

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

Keywords

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