Development of a wind retrieval method for low-speed low-pressure flows for ExoMars

Álvaro Soria-Salinas; Maria-Paz Zorzano Mier; Roberto Mantas-Nakhai; Javier Martin-Torres

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115752

Development of a wind retrieval method for low-speed low-pressure flows for ExoMars

Álvaro Soria-Salinas^* (Corresponding Author), Maria-Paz Zorzano Mier, Roberto Mantas-Nakhai, Javier Martin-Torres

^*Corresponding author for this work

Planetary Sciences, Geography

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Forced convective heat transfer from three horizontally inclined rectangular-based cylinders (rods) has been studied experimentally under representative Martian near-surface air flows in the Aarhus Wind Tunnel Simulator (AWTS), Denmark. The testing campaign was developed for the HABIT (Habitability: Brines, Irradiation and Temperature) instrument, European payload on board the ExoMars 2022 Kazachok surface platform. The average heat transfer coefficient was determined from steady CO2 flows at a pressure of 9.9 mbar, an ambient temperature of ∼25 °C, and for horizontal free-stream velocities between 0.8 and 12 m/s. A retrieval algorithm to derive the wind speed from the average heat transfer coefficient estimated at each of the three HABIT Air Temperature Sensors (ATS) rods was calibrated within the AWTS. The ATS rods are placed one at the front of the instrument structure (ATS2) and two on the sides (ATS1 and ATS3); and under Martian atmospheric conditions these rods serve as cooling fins. Several relationships between the Nusselt number and the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers reported in the literature were evaluated to model convective heat transfer from the ATS rods. Where needed, corrections to account for radiative heat transfer within the AWTS were implemented. The final retrieval method demonstrated that wind speed can be retrieved for frontal winds in the range of 0–10 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the cooling profile of the ATS rod 3, and for lateral winds in the range of 0–6 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the ATS rod 2 cooling profile.

Original language	English
Article number	115752
Number of pages	17
Journal	Applied Thermal Engineering
Volume	180
Early online date	22 Jul 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115752
Publication status	Published - 5 Nov 2020

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements:
The HABIT FM and EQM were manufactured by Omnisys Instruments AB, Sweden, in cooperation with the Luleå University of Technology (LTU). The HABIT project was funded by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA). We thank the ExoMars project team, European Space Agency (ESA), Roscosmos, Space Research Institute (IKI) and Omnisys Instruments AB for their hard work on the ExoMars 2022 mission. We acknowledge the Luleå University of Technology, the Wallenberg Foundation and the Kempe Foundation for support of the Mars research activities. ASS acknowledges the support of the LTU Graduate School of Space Technology. MPZ has been partially funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”-Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC). We acknowledge the support of Mr. Jens Jacob Iversen and Dr. Jonathan P. Merrison from the Aarhus Wind Tunnel of the Aarhus University (Denmark).

Keywords

Heat transfer coefficient
Forced convection
Wind tunne
Nusselt number
Experiments
Mars
HEAT-TRANSFER
MARTIAN DUST CYCLE
METEOROLOGY
SIMULATION
GALE CRATER
Wind tunnel
MONITORING STATION OBSERVATIONS
CIRCULAR-CYLINDER
MARS
CROSS-FLOW
SURFACE

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SoriaSalinas_et_al_ATE_DevelopmentOfAWind_VoR
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/).
Final published version, 10.3 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Development of a wind retrieval method for low-speed low-pressure flows for ExoMars",

abstract = "Forced convective heat transfer from three horizontally inclined rectangular-based cylinders (rods) has been studied experimentally under representative Martian near-surface air flows in the Aarhus Wind Tunnel Simulator (AWTS), Denmark. The testing campaign was developed for the HABIT (Habitability: Brines, Irradiation and Temperature) instrument, European payload on board the ExoMars 2022 Kazachok surface platform. The average heat transfer coefficient was determined from steady CO2 flows at a pressure of 9.9 mbar, an ambient temperature of ∼25 °C, and for horizontal free-stream velocities between 0.8 and 12 m/s. A retrieval algorithm to derive the wind speed from the average heat transfer coefficient estimated at each of the three HABIT Air Temperature Sensors (ATS) rods was calibrated within the AWTS. The ATS rods are placed one at the front of the instrument structure (ATS2) and two on the sides (ATS1 and ATS3); and under Martian atmospheric conditions these rods serve as cooling fins. Several relationships between the Nusselt number and the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers reported in the literature were evaluated to model convective heat transfer from the ATS rods. Where needed, corrections to account for radiative heat transfer within the AWTS were implemented. The final retrieval method demonstrated that wind speed can be retrieved for frontal winds in the range of 0–10 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the cooling profile of the ATS rod 3, and for lateral winds in the range of 0–6 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the ATS rod 2 cooling profile.",

keywords = "Heat transfer coefficient, Forced convection, Wind tunne, Nusselt number, Experiments, Mars, HEAT-TRANSFER, MARTIAN DUST CYCLE, METEOROLOGY, SIMULATION, GALE CRATER, Wind tunnel, MONITORING STATION OBSERVATIONS, CIRCULAR-CYLINDER, MARS, CROSS-FLOW, SURFACE",

author = "{\'A}lvaro Soria-Salinas and {Zorzano Mier}, Maria-Paz and Roberto Mantas-Nakhai and Javier Martin-Torres",

note = "Acknowledgements: The HABIT FM and EQM were manufactured by Omnisys Instruments AB, Sweden, in cooperation with the Lule{\aa} University of Technology (LTU). The HABIT project was funded by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA). We thank the ExoMars project team, European Space Agency (ESA), Roscosmos, Space Research Institute (IKI) and Omnisys Instruments AB for their hard work on the ExoMars 2022 mission. We acknowledge the Lule{\aa} University of Technology, the Wallenberg Foundation and the Kempe Foundation for support of the Mars research activities. ASS acknowledges the support of the LTU Graduate School of Space Technology. MPZ has been partially funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “Mar{\'i}a de Maeztu”-Centro de Astrobiolog{\'i}a (INTA-CSIC). We acknowledge the support of Mr. Jens Jacob Iversen and Dr. Jonathan P. Merrison from the Aarhus Wind Tunnel of the Aarhus University (Denmark).",

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doi = "10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115752",

language = "English",

volume = "180",

journal = "Applied Thermal Engineering",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Development of a wind retrieval method for low-speed low-pressure flows for ExoMars

AU - Soria-Salinas, Álvaro

AU - Zorzano Mier, Maria-Paz

AU - Mantas-Nakhai, Roberto

AU - Martin-Torres, Javier

N1 - Acknowledgements: The HABIT FM and EQM were manufactured by Omnisys Instruments AB, Sweden, in cooperation with the Luleå University of Technology (LTU). The HABIT project was funded by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA). We thank the ExoMars project team, European Space Agency (ESA), Roscosmos, Space Research Institute (IKI) and Omnisys Instruments AB for their hard work on the ExoMars 2022 mission. We acknowledge the Luleå University of Technology, the Wallenberg Foundation and the Kempe Foundation for support of the Mars research activities. ASS acknowledges the support of the LTU Graduate School of Space Technology. MPZ has been partially funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”-Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC). We acknowledge the support of Mr. Jens Jacob Iversen and Dr. Jonathan P. Merrison from the Aarhus Wind Tunnel of the Aarhus University (Denmark).

PY - 2020/11/5

Y1 - 2020/11/5

N2 - Forced convective heat transfer from three horizontally inclined rectangular-based cylinders (rods) has been studied experimentally under representative Martian near-surface air flows in the Aarhus Wind Tunnel Simulator (AWTS), Denmark. The testing campaign was developed for the HABIT (Habitability: Brines, Irradiation and Temperature) instrument, European payload on board the ExoMars 2022 Kazachok surface platform. The average heat transfer coefficient was determined from steady CO2 flows at a pressure of 9.9 mbar, an ambient temperature of ∼25 °C, and for horizontal free-stream velocities between 0.8 and 12 m/s. A retrieval algorithm to derive the wind speed from the average heat transfer coefficient estimated at each of the three HABIT Air Temperature Sensors (ATS) rods was calibrated within the AWTS. The ATS rods are placed one at the front of the instrument structure (ATS2) and two on the sides (ATS1 and ATS3); and under Martian atmospheric conditions these rods serve as cooling fins. Several relationships between the Nusselt number and the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers reported in the literature were evaluated to model convective heat transfer from the ATS rods. Where needed, corrections to account for radiative heat transfer within the AWTS were implemented. The final retrieval method demonstrated that wind speed can be retrieved for frontal winds in the range of 0–10 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the cooling profile of the ATS rod 3, and for lateral winds in the range of 0–6 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the ATS rod 2 cooling profile.

AB - Forced convective heat transfer from three horizontally inclined rectangular-based cylinders (rods) has been studied experimentally under representative Martian near-surface air flows in the Aarhus Wind Tunnel Simulator (AWTS), Denmark. The testing campaign was developed for the HABIT (Habitability: Brines, Irradiation and Temperature) instrument, European payload on board the ExoMars 2022 Kazachok surface platform. The average heat transfer coefficient was determined from steady CO2 flows at a pressure of 9.9 mbar, an ambient temperature of ∼25 °C, and for horizontal free-stream velocities between 0.8 and 12 m/s. A retrieval algorithm to derive the wind speed from the average heat transfer coefficient estimated at each of the three HABIT Air Temperature Sensors (ATS) rods was calibrated within the AWTS. The ATS rods are placed one at the front of the instrument structure (ATS2) and two on the sides (ATS1 and ATS3); and under Martian atmospheric conditions these rods serve as cooling fins. Several relationships between the Nusselt number and the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers reported in the literature were evaluated to model convective heat transfer from the ATS rods. Where needed, corrections to account for radiative heat transfer within the AWTS were implemented. The final retrieval method demonstrated that wind speed can be retrieved for frontal winds in the range of 0–10 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the cooling profile of the ATS rod 3, and for lateral winds in the range of 0–6 m/s, with an error of ±0.3 m/s, using the ATS rod 2 cooling profile.

KW - Heat transfer coefficient

KW - Forced convection

KW - Wind tunne

KW - Nusselt number

KW - Experiments

KW - Mars

KW - HEAT-TRANSFER

KW - MARTIAN DUST CYCLE

KW - METEOROLOGY

KW - SIMULATION

KW - GALE CRATER

KW - Wind tunnel

KW - MONITORING STATION OBSERVATIONS

KW - CIRCULAR-CYLINDER

KW - MARS

KW - CROSS-FLOW

KW - SURFACE

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U2 - 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115752

DO - 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115752

M3 - Article

SN - 1359-4311

VL - 180

JO - Applied Thermal Engineering

JF - Applied Thermal Engineering

M1 - 115752

ER -

Development of a wind retrieval method for low-speed low-pressure flows for ExoMars

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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