Abstract
Layered NaxMO2cathodes are of immense interest as rechargeable sodium batteries further their development as a lithium-ion battery alternative. However, two primary intrinsic structural issues hinder their practicality-sodium ordering and transition-metal layer gliding during cycling. These phenomena plague the electrochemical profiles of these materials with several unwanted voltage plateaus. A Na+and Fe3+substitution for Ni2+strategy is employed here to obtain a series of Na3+xNi2-2xFexSbO6(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) materials to suppress the structural phenomena that are apparent in O 3-layered Na3Ni2SbO6 cathode material. This strategy is successful in obtaining a sloping voltage curve without distinct plateaus-an indication of suppression of the underlying structural phenomena that cause them-at doping concentrations of x ≥ 0.3. The first-cycle coulombic efficiency of the doped compounds is much greater than the starting compound, presumably owing to a kinetic barrier to reforming the full O'3-layered starting materials within the voltage range of 2.5 4.3 V vs Na+/Na. Sodium doping into the MO2layer thus remains a promising strategy for enabling commercial NaxMO2cathodes, but further development is required to lower the kinetic barrier for sodium reinsertion into these materials in a useful voltage range to maximize their reversible capacity.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 040504 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of the Electrochemical Society |
Volume | 169 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 4 Apr 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:NMR spectra were collected on a Bruker Avance III HD 400 MHz spectrometer funded by NSF grant CHE-1626211. The authors acknowledge Steve Sorey for his assistance during NMR data acquisition. We appreciate the computing resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. Hadi Khani and Nicholas S. Grundish acknowledge Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (CBMM) for their financial support.d