Abstract
Wind power is increasingly being used worldwide as an important contribution to renewable energy, due to its low greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. However, it has been suggested that the development of wind power has caused an adverse impacts on birds. We summarise current evidence of bird fatalities resulting from wind power, outline the reasons why and how birds are killed by wind power developments, and identify research needs to better inform researchers, decision makers, developers and other stakeholders, to help mitigate any adverse impacts of wind power developments on birds. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 599-607 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |
| Volume | 44 |
| Early online date | 22 Jan 2015 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Apr 2015 |
Bibliographical note
AcknowledgementsThe study was supported by the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) award: ‘Integrated approaches to ecosystem services and energy: Assessing the global and local impacts on ecosystem services of energy provision in the UK׳ (Grant no.: NE/GOO7748/1). The authors thank Nuala Fitton (University of Aberdeen) for her suggestions on an earlier version of this paper and the anonymous referees for their helpful comments to improve this paper.
Keywords
- wind energy
- bird fatality
- habitat
- ecosystem
- renewable energy
- energy development
- collision
- mortality
- bats
- risk
