Estimating the pre-harvest greenhouse gas costs of energy crop production

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• energy crop 100%
• crop production 80%
• harvest 67%
• greenhouse gas 64%
• coppice 51%
• cost 38%
• cropping practice 22%
• soil carbon 15%
• land use 14%
• grassland 12%
• bioenergy production 10%
• rape (plant) 10%
• life cycle analysis 9%
• biofuel production 9%
• arable land 8%
• loss 7%
• rights 7%
• tillage 7%
• savings 7%
• woodland 7%
• greenhouse gas emissions 6%
• seed 6%
• fertilizer 6%
• policy 4%
• liquid 4%
• nitrogen 4%
• oil 4%
• need 4%

Agriculture & Biology

• greenhouse gases 88%
• energy crops 84%
• energy costs 81%
• crop production 69%
• Miscanthus 48%
• land use 21%
• soil carbon 18%
• grasslands 13%
• gas emissions 10%
• fuel production 9%
• life cycle assessment 9%
• cropland 9%
• arable soils 8%
• nitrous oxide 8%
• greenhouse gas emissions 8%
• bioenergy 8%
• woodlands 7%
• Brassica napus 7%
• tillage 7%
• production costs 7%
• fertilizers 5%
• liquids 5%
• nitrogen 4%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Crops 83%
• Greenhouse gases 75%
• Costs 28%
• Land use 24%
• Soils 10%
• Carbon 10%
• Oilseeds 9%
• Fertilizers 8%
• Gas emissions 6%
• Nitrogen 6%
• Life cycle 5%
• Liquids 4%