Game-based virtual learning environment for human anatomy teaching

Virtual learning environments (VLEs) are digital platforms for supporting students’ learning and assessing their performance. Anatomy VLEs facilitate student learning by providing remote access to teaching materials (e.g. digital anatomical models) outside of practical classes but they often possess notable shortcomings, e.g. there is limited interaction with models and the VLEs are rarely engaging enough to maintain student interest and promote learning. Combining gamified learning with high-resolution 3D models of anatomical structures can enhance VLEs for anatomy teaching. In a previous study, we developed and evaluated a prototype VLE of a game-based heart anatomy learning tool that received very positive student feedback. In this study, we aimed to expand this VLE with other aspects of heart anatomy. We created a high-resolution 3D model of a cadaveric human heart using photogrammetry, then optimised it along with a model obtained from a free online anatomical database, and integrated both into the VLE. Games were designed to emphasise interaction, requiring the player to turn, click, and study the model on screen in order to succeed. Several features were considered for adding challenge to the games. An Anatomy class was surveyed to gauge student interest in Anatomy VLEs and potential features for this project. Participants responded positively to using VLEs and indicated a willingness to try new virtual tools in future. A working prototype was developed, suitable for testing with a larger sample. Two games were fully implemented: heart orientation and MRI cross-section identification. Each game aligns with one or more heart anatomy learning outcomes. This prototype is now ready to be developed further to encompass a wider range of anatomical regions.

This study was approved by a Licensed Teacher of Anatomy. No other ethical approval was required. We are grateful to the individuals who facilitated this cadaveric study by their generous body donations.