Good King Robert's Testament? Guerrilla Warfare in Later Medieval Scotland

This article suggests that the concept of unconventional warfare in later medieval Scotland has been understood in three ways: by accepting that Robert I developed and passed on a template for successful war against England that stressed ‘guerrilla’ techniques; that there was a clear divide between this sort of guerrilla war and the conventional military practice of their English enemies; and that these divergences can be explained by a transcultural model stressing the ethnic and linguistic differences between Scottish and English forces. These conceptions are explored with reference to core aspects of military behaviour and found in all three cases to have limited explanatory value. This in turn leads to consideration of whether a distinction between conventional and unconventional warfare is actually a useful one in relation to pre-modern military practice.