Heavy metals, proximate analysis and brine shrimp lethality of vernonia amygdalina and ocimum gratissimum growing in crude oil-rich delta state, nigeria

Oluwatofunmilayo Arike Diyaolu; Alfred F. Attah; Emmanuel T. Oluwabusola; Jones Olanrewaju Moody; Marcel Jaspars; Rainer Ebel

doi:10.3390/foods10122913

Heavy metals, proximate analysis and brine shrimp lethality of vernonia amygdalina and ocimum gratissimum growing in crude oil-rich delta state, nigeria

Oluwatofunmilayo Arike Diyaolu^* (Corresponding Author), Alfred F. Attah, Emmanuel T. Oluwabusola, Jones Olanrewaju Moody, Marcel Jaspars, Rainer Ebel

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) are among the most frequently consumed vegetables in Kokori and Abraka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. However, the continuous crude oil exploration and spillages in Kokori may threaten their safety for use as food and medicine. Twelve samples of VA and OG obtained from crude oil-rich and crude oil-free communities were comparatively analysed for proximate composition, heavy metals, and cytotoxicity. Data obtained were subjected to various multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), biplot, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate the correlations between the vegetables from the different communities and the effect of crude oil exploration and spill on plant biomass. Results obtained indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of VA and OG and higher heavy metal content for VA from the crude oil-spill Kokori. Two VA collections from Kokori were exceptionally toxic to cellular crustaceans.

Original language	English
Article number	2913
Journal	Foods
Volume	10
Issue number	12
Early online date	24 Nov 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10122913
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research and APC was funded by Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Foundation. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Foundation Scholarship to conduct the present study. The authors also thank Attah Francis Alfred of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, for arranging raw material for the study.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Data Availability Statement

Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods10122913/s1, Table S1: Levels of the trace metals (µg/g, dry weight basis) in the analysed vegetable samples.

Keywords

Atomic absorption spectrometry
Brine shrimp assay
Crude oil exploration
Proximate analysis

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Heavy metals, proximate analysis and brine shrimp lethality of vernonia amygdalina and ocimum gratissimum growing in crude oil-rich delta state, nigeria. / Diyaolu, Oluwatofunmilayo Arike (Corresponding Author); Attah, Alfred F.; Oluwabusola, Emmanuel T. et al.
In: Foods, Vol. 10, No. 12, 2913, 01.12.2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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abstract = "Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) are among the most frequently consumed vegetables in Kokori and Abraka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. However, the continuous crude oil exploration and spillages in Kokori may threaten their safety for use as food and medicine. Twelve samples of VA and OG obtained from crude oil-rich and crude oil-free communities were comparatively analysed for proximate composition, heavy metals, and cytotoxicity. Data obtained were subjected to various multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), biplot, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate the correlations between the vegetables from the different communities and the effect of crude oil exploration and spill on plant biomass. Results obtained indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of VA and OG and higher heavy metal content for VA from the crude oil-spill Kokori. Two VA collections from Kokori were exceptionally toxic to cellular crustaceans.",

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note = "Funding Information: This research and APC was funded by Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Foundation. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Foundation Scholarship to conduct the present study. The authors also thank Attah Francis Alfred of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, for arranging raw material for the study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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AU - Jaspars, Marcel

AU - Ebel, Rainer

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N2 - Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) are among the most frequently consumed vegetables in Kokori and Abraka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. However, the continuous crude oil exploration and spillages in Kokori may threaten their safety for use as food and medicine. Twelve samples of VA and OG obtained from crude oil-rich and crude oil-free communities were comparatively analysed for proximate composition, heavy metals, and cytotoxicity. Data obtained were subjected to various multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), biplot, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate the correlations between the vegetables from the different communities and the effect of crude oil exploration and spill on plant biomass. Results obtained indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of VA and OG and higher heavy metal content for VA from the crude oil-spill Kokori. Two VA collections from Kokori were exceptionally toxic to cellular crustaceans.

AB - Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) are among the most frequently consumed vegetables in Kokori and Abraka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. However, the continuous crude oil exploration and spillages in Kokori may threaten their safety for use as food and medicine. Twelve samples of VA and OG obtained from crude oil-rich and crude oil-free communities were comparatively analysed for proximate composition, heavy metals, and cytotoxicity. Data obtained were subjected to various multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), biplot, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate the correlations between the vegetables from the different communities and the effect of crude oil exploration and spill on plant biomass. Results obtained indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of VA and OG and higher heavy metal content for VA from the crude oil-spill Kokori. Two VA collections from Kokori were exceptionally toxic to cellular crustaceans.

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Heavy metals, proximate analysis and brine shrimp lethality of vernonia amygdalina and ocimum gratissimum growing in crude oil-rich delta state, nigeria

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

Keywords

Access to Document

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