No bare knowledge

Just as Dummett famously argued that there is no such thing as bare predicative knowledge, this paper argues that there is no such thing as bare prepositional knowledge: all such knowing is knowing in a specifc way. It is frst argued that seeing that so-and-so can be epis-temically understood to constitute a way of knowing that so-and-so. Three arguments are then advanced in support of the stronger claim that there is no such knowing unless there is a way of knowing. Finally, four objections to these two claims are addressed.