Predators and reindeer on the same pastures?

A brief introduction to reindeer herding is in order to understand the questions better concerning reindeer and large carnivores inhabiting the same pastures. The historical perspective – where and how reindeer are used and what kinds of societies practice reindeer herding –also has an impact on the concepts of reindeer as an animal and the kinds of reindeer herding we are discussing or studying. According to Tim Ingold, hunting is defined by the conjunction of predatory human being–animal relationships, with subsistence production based on the principles of common access to the means of production and the sharing of produce. The most common type of reindeer herding today is similar to ranching, but author point of departure is that reindeer herding is still a way of life in the modern world. Reindeer herding is a natural source of livelihood, and herders have had to adapt to both external and internal transformations in recent decades.