Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Rebecca Rimbach; Yosuke Yamada; Hiroyuki Sagayama; Philip N. Ainslie; Lene F. Anderson; Liam J. Anderson; Lenore Arab; Issaad Baddou; Kweku Bedu-Addo; Ellen E. Blaak; Stephane Blanc; Alberto G. Bonomi; Carlijn V.C. Bouten; Pascal Bovet; Maciej S. Buchowski; Nancy F. Butte; Stefan G.J.A. Camps; Graeme L. Close; Jamie A. Cooper; Sai Krupa Das; Lara R. Dugas; Ulf Ekelund; Sonja Entringer; Terrence Forrester; Barry W. Fudge; Annelies H. Goris; Michael Gurven; Catherine Hambly; Asmaa El Hamdouchi; Marije B. Hoos; Sumei Hu; Noorjehan Joonas; Annemiek M. Joosen; Peter Katzmarzyk; Kitty P. Kempen; Misaka Kimura; William E. Kraus; Robert F. Kushner; Estelle V. Lambert; William R. Leonard; Nader Lessan; Corby K. Martin; Anine C. Medin; Erwin P. Meijer; James C. Morehen; James P. Morton; Marian L. Neuhouser; Theresa A. Nicklas; Robert M. Ojiambo; Kirsi H. Pietiläinen; John Speakman; The IAEA DLW Database Consortium; Yannis P Pitsiladis; Jacob  Plange-Rhule; Guy Plasqui; Ross L.  Prentice; Roberto A.  Rabinovich; Susan B.  Racette; David A.  Raichlen; Eric Ravussin; Rebecca M Reynolds; Susan B. Roberts; Albertine J. Schuit; Anders M. Sjodin; Eric  Stice; Samuel S.  Urlacher; Giulio  Valenti; Ludo M.  Van Etten; Edgar A.  Van Mil; Jonathan C.K.  Wells; George Wilson; Brian M.  Wood; Jack  Yanovski; Tsukasa  Yoshida; Xueying Zhang; Alexia J Murphy-Alford; Cornelia U.  Loechl; Amy Luke; Jennifer Rood; D. A. Schoeller; Klaas R. Westerterp; William W Wong; Herman  Pontzer

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z

Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Rebecca Rimbach^*, Yosuke Yamada^*, Hiroyuki Sagayama^*, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Anderson, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V.C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G.J.A. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Sai Krupa DasLara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle V. Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, John Speakman^* (Corresponding Author), The IAEA DLW Database Consortium, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Roberto A. Rabinovich, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Albertine J. Schuit, Anders M. Sjodin, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Jonathan C.K. Wells, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Amy Luke^* (Corresponding Author), Jennifer Rood^* (Corresponding Author), D. A. Schoeller^* (Corresponding Author), Klaas R. Westerterp^* (Corresponding Author), William W Wong^* (Corresponding Author), Herman Pontzer^* (Corresponding Author)

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

Original language	English
Article number	99
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z
Publication status	Published - 10 Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home or https://www.dlwdatabase.org/, is generously supported by the IAEA, Taiyo Nippon Sanso and, SERCON. We are grateful to David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling for their contributed data. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer.

These authors contributed equally: Rebecca Rimbach, John R. Speakman, Herman Pontzer.

Data Availability Statement

All data supporting the analyses and results in this paper are available from the Doubly Labeled Water Database (https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home, https://www.dlwdatabase.org/) upon reasonable request. Because of human study participant confidentiality the database is not open access. However, access to components of the data is freely available to perform novel and approved analyses. Details of the application process are available at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/dataAnalysisInstructions. Data published in this paper will be provided normally within 3 weeks of receipt of the request. Such data has unrestricted use except we ask users not to share the data with others or post it on social media or other internet sites. If users wish to publish analyses of such provided data, we ask that they adhere to the procedures established to ensure fair credit for those contributing the data into the DLW database.

We provide the source code used to perform analysis and output files through the OSF repository (https://osf.io/6q2kz/).

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Rimbach, R., Yamada, Y., Sagayama, H., Ainslie, P. N., Anderson, L. F., Anderson, L. J., Arab, L., Baddou, I., Bedu-Addo, K., Blaak, E. E., Blanc, S., Bonomi, A. G., Bouten, C. V. C., Bovet, P., Buchowski, M. S., Butte, N. F., Camps, S. G. J. A., Close, G. L., Cooper, J. A., ... Pontzer, H. (2022). Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z

Rimbach, R, Yamada, Y, Sagayama, H, Ainslie, PN, Anderson, LF, Anderson, LJ, Arab, L, Baddou, I, Bedu-Addo, K, Blaak, EE, Blanc, S, Bonomi, AG, Bouten, CVC, Bovet, P, Buchowski, MS, Butte, NF, Camps, SGJA, Close, GL, Cooper, JA, Das, SK, Dugas, LR, Ekelund, U, Entringer, S, Forrester, T, Fudge, BW, Goris, AH, Gurven, M, Hambly, C, El Hamdouchi, A, Hoos, MB, Hu, S, Joonas, N, Joosen, AM, Katzmarzyk, P, Kempen, KP, Kimura, M, Kraus, WE, Kushner, RF, Lambert, EV, Leonard, WR, Lessan, N, Martin, CK, Medin, AC, Meijer, EP, Morehen, JC, Morton, JP, Neuhouser, ML, Nicklas, TA, Ojiambo, RM, Pietiläinen, KH, Speakman, J, The IAEA DLW Database Consortium, Pitsiladis, YP, Plange-Rhule, J, Plasqui, G, Prentice, RL, Rabinovich, RA, Racette, SB, Raichlen, DA, Ravussin, E, Reynolds, RM, Roberts, SB, Schuit, AJ, Sjodin, AM, Stice, E, Urlacher, SS, Valenti, G, Van Etten, LM, Van Mil, EA, Wells, JCK, Wilson, G, Wood, BM, Yanovski, J, Yoshida, T, Zhang, X, Murphy-Alford, AJ, Loechl, CU, Luke, A, Rood, J, Schoeller, DA, Westerterp, KR, Wong, WW & Pontzer, H 2022, 'Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition', Nature Communications, vol. 13, no. 1, 99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z

@article{19414ece326e41179f58181d66a07ad0,

title = "Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition",

abstract = "Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.",

author = "Rebecca Rimbach and Yosuke Yamada and Hiroyuki Sagayama and Ainslie, {Philip N.} and Anderson, {Lene F.} and Anderson, {Liam J.} and Lenore Arab and Issaad Baddou and Kweku Bedu-Addo and Blaak, {Ellen E.} and Stephane Blanc and Bonomi, {Alberto G.} and Bouten, {Carlijn V.C.} and Pascal Bovet and Buchowski, {Maciej S.} and Butte, {Nancy F.} and Camps, {Stefan G.J.A.} and Close, {Graeme L.} and Cooper, {Jamie A.} and Das, {Sai Krupa} and Dugas, {Lara R.} and Ulf Ekelund and Sonja Entringer and Terrence Forrester and Fudge, {Barry W.} and Goris, {Annelies H.} and Michael Gurven and Catherine Hambly and {El Hamdouchi}, Asmaa and Hoos, {Marije B.} and Sumei Hu and Noorjehan Joonas and Joosen, {Annemiek M.} and Peter Katzmarzyk and Kempen, {Kitty P.} and Misaka Kimura and Kraus, {William E.} and Kushner, {Robert F.} and Lambert, {Estelle V.} and Leonard, {William R.} and Nader Lessan and Martin, {Corby K.} and Medin, {Anine C.} and Meijer, {Erwin P.} and Morehen, {James C.} and Morton, {James P.} and Neuhouser, {Marian L.} and Nicklas, {Theresa A.} and Ojiambo, {Robert M.} and Pietil{\"a}inen, {Kirsi H.} and John Speakman and {The IAEA DLW Database Consortium} and Pitsiladis, {Yannis P} and Jacob Plange-Rhule and Guy Plasqui and Prentice, {Ross L.} and Rabinovich, {Roberto A.} and Racette, {Susan B.} and Raichlen, {David A.} and Eric Ravussin and Reynolds, {Rebecca M} and Roberts, {Susan B.} and Schuit, {Albertine J.} and Sjodin, {Anders M.} and Eric Stice and Urlacher, {Samuel S.} and Giulio Valenti and {Van Etten}, {Ludo M.} and {Van Mil}, {Edgar A.} and Wells, {Jonathan C.K.} and George Wilson and Wood, {Brian M.} and Jack Yanovski and Tsukasa Yoshida and Xueying Zhang and Murphy-Alford, {Alexia J} and Loechl, {Cornelia U.} and Amy Luke and Jennifer Rood and Schoeller, {D. A.} and Westerterp, {Klaas R.} and Wong, {William W} and Herman Pontzer",

note = "Funding Information: The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home or https://www.dlwdatabase.org/, is generously supported by the IAEA, Taiyo Nippon Sanso and, SERCON. We are grateful to David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling for their contributed data. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer. These authors contributed equally: Rebecca Rimbach, John R. Speakman, Herman Pontzer.",

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day = "10",

doi = "10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z",

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T1 - Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

AU - Rimbach, Rebecca

AU - Yamada, Yosuke

AU - Sagayama, Hiroyuki

AU - Ainslie, Philip N.

AU - Anderson, Lene F.

AU - Anderson, Liam J.

AU - Arab, Lenore

AU - Baddou, Issaad

AU - Bedu-Addo, Kweku

AU - Blaak, Ellen E.

AU - Blanc, Stephane

AU - Bonomi, Alberto G.

AU - Bouten, Carlijn V.C.

AU - Bovet, Pascal

AU - Buchowski, Maciej S.

AU - Butte, Nancy F.

AU - Camps, Stefan G.J.A.

AU - Close, Graeme L.

AU - Cooper, Jamie A.

AU - Das, Sai Krupa

AU - Dugas, Lara R.

AU - Ekelund, Ulf

AU - Entringer, Sonja

AU - Forrester, Terrence

AU - Fudge, Barry W.

AU - Goris, Annelies H.

AU - Gurven, Michael

AU - Hambly, Catherine

AU - El Hamdouchi, Asmaa

AU - Hoos, Marije B.

AU - Hu, Sumei

AU - Joonas, Noorjehan

AU - Joosen, Annemiek M.

AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter

AU - Kempen, Kitty P.

AU - Kimura, Misaka

AU - Kraus, William E.

AU - Kushner, Robert F.

AU - Lambert, Estelle V.

AU - Leonard, William R.

AU - Lessan, Nader

AU - Martin, Corby K.

AU - Medin, Anine C.

AU - Meijer, Erwin P.

AU - Morehen, James C.

AU - Morton, James P.

AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.

AU - Nicklas, Theresa A.

AU - Ojiambo, Robert M.

AU - Pietiläinen, Kirsi H.

AU - Speakman, John

AU - The IAEA DLW Database Consortium

AU - Pitsiladis, Yannis P

AU - Plange-Rhule, Jacob

AU - Plasqui, Guy

AU - Prentice, Ross L.

AU - Rabinovich, Roberto A.

AU - Racette, Susan B.

AU - Raichlen, David A.

AU - Ravussin, Eric

AU - Reynolds, Rebecca M

AU - Roberts, Susan B.

AU - Schuit, Albertine J.

AU - Sjodin, Anders M.

AU - Stice, Eric

AU - Urlacher, Samuel S.

AU - Valenti, Giulio

AU - Van Etten, Ludo M.

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AU - Wells, Jonathan C.K.

AU - Wilson, George

AU - Wood, Brian M.

AU - Yanovski, Jack

AU - Yoshida, Tsukasa

AU - Zhang, Xueying

AU - Murphy-Alford, Alexia J

AU - Loechl, Cornelia U.

AU - Luke, Amy

AU - Rood, Jennifer

AU - Schoeller, D. A.

AU - Westerterp, Klaas R.

AU - Wong, William W

AU - Pontzer, Herman

N1 - Funding Information: The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home or https://www.dlwdatabase.org/, is generously supported by the IAEA, Taiyo Nippon Sanso and, SERCON. We are grateful to David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling for their contributed data. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer. These authors contributed equally: Rebecca Rimbach, John R. Speakman, Herman Pontzer.

PY - 2022/1/10

Y1 - 2022/1/10

N2 - Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

AB - Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

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Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

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