Abstract
Background
One of the striking regularities of human behavior is that a prolonged physical, cognitive, or emotional activity leads to feelings of fatigue. Fatigue could be due to (1) depletion of a finite resource of physical and/or psychological energy or (2) changes in motivation, attention, and goal-directed effort (e.g. motivational control theory).
Purpose
To contrast predictions from these two views in a real-time study of subjective fatigue in nurses while working.
Methods
One hundred nurses provided 1,453 assessments over two 12-hr shifts. Nurses rated fatigue, demand, control, and reward every 90 min. Physical energy expenditure was measured objectively using Actiheart. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel models to predict fatigue from (a) the accumulated values of physical energy expended, demand, control, and reward over the shift and (b) from distributed lag models of the same variables over the previous 90 min.
Results
Virtually all participants showed increasing fatigue over the work period. This increase was slightly greater when working overnight. Fatigue was not dependent on physical energy expended nor perceived work demands. However, it was related to perceived control over work and perceived reward associated with work.
Conclusions
Findings provide little support for a resource depletion model; however, the finding that control and reward both predicted fatigue is consistent with a motivational account of fatigue.
One of the striking regularities of human behavior is that a prolonged physical, cognitive, or emotional activity leads to feelings of fatigue. Fatigue could be due to (1) depletion of a finite resource of physical and/or psychological energy or (2) changes in motivation, attention, and goal-directed effort (e.g. motivational control theory).
Purpose
To contrast predictions from these two views in a real-time study of subjective fatigue in nurses while working.
Methods
One hundred nurses provided 1,453 assessments over two 12-hr shifts. Nurses rated fatigue, demand, control, and reward every 90 min. Physical energy expenditure was measured objectively using Actiheart. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel models to predict fatigue from (a) the accumulated values of physical energy expended, demand, control, and reward over the shift and (b) from distributed lag models of the same variables over the previous 90 min.
Results
Virtually all participants showed increasing fatigue over the work period. This increase was slightly greater when working overnight. Fatigue was not dependent on physical energy expended nor perceived work demands. However, it was related to perceived control over work and perceived reward associated with work.
Conclusions
Findings provide little support for a resource depletion model; however, the finding that control and reward both predicted fatigue is consistent with a motivational account of fatigue.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 551-562 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Annals of Behavioral Medicine |
| Volume | 53 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Early online date | 16 Aug 2018 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jun 2019 |
Bibliographical note
This research was supported by the Chief Scientists Office of the Scottish Government, Principal Investigator Marie Johnston, and Grant Number CZH/4/640. We wish to thank Fiona Steele and David Hendry for very valuable statistical advice.Keywords
- control
- Ecological momentary assessment
- fatigue
- motivation
- reward
- resource depletion
- Control
- Motivation
- Fatigue
- Reward
- Resource depletion
- WORKFORCE
- NURSING TASKS
- SELF-CONTROL
- PERFORMANCE
- MODEL
- PREVALENCE
- RECOVERY
- EGO-DEPLETION
- STRESS
- MENTAL FATIGUE