Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands

Birgit Viru; Gert Veber; Jaak Jaagus; Ain Kull; Martin Maddison; Mart Muhel; Mikk Espenberg; Alar Teemusk; Ülo Mander

doi:10.3390/atmos11070731

Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands

Birgit Viru, Gert Veber, Jaak Jaagus, Ain Kull, Martin Maddison, Mart Muhel, Mikk Espenberg, Alar Teemusk, Ülo Mander^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aberdeen Centre For Environmental Sustainability

University of Tartu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO₂, N₂O and CH₄ in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitrogen-rich sapric histosol, a Norway spruce and a Downy birch forest, located in eastern Estonia. According to the long-term study using a closed chamber method, the APEAs emitted less CO₂ and N₂O, and more CH₄ than the DPFs. Across the study sites, CO₂ flux correlated positively with soil, ground and air temperatures. Continuous snow depth > 5 cm did not influence CO₂, but at no snow or a thin snow layer the fluxes varied on a large scale (from -1.1 to 106 mg C m^-2 h^-1). In all sites, the highest N₂O fluxes were observed at a water table depth of -30 to -40 cm. CH₄ was consumed in the DPFs and was always emitted from the APEAs, whereas the highest flux appeared at a water table >20 cm above the surface. Considering the global warming potential (GWP) of the greenhouse gas emissions from the DPFs in the wintertime, the flux of N₂O was the main component of warming, showing 3-6 times higher radiative forcing values than that of CO₂ flux, while the role of CH₄ was unimportant. In the APEAs, CO₂ and CH₄ made up almost equal parts, whereas the impact of N₂O on GWP was minor.

Original language	English
Article number	731
Journal	Atmosphere
Volume	11
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070731
Publication status	Published - 10 Jul 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: This study was supported by the Estonian Research Council (IUT2-16 and PRG352); the EU through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange, Estonia) and by the Estonian State Forest Management Centre (projects LLOOM13056 “Carbon and nitrogen cycling in forests with altered water regime “, 2013–2016 and LLTOM17250 “Water level restoration in cut-away peatlands: development of integrated monitoring methods and monitoring”, 2017–2023).

Keywords

Carbon dioxide
Drained forests
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Peat extraction areas
Peatlands
Snow cover

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Cite this

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title = "Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands",

abstract = "The aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO2, N2O and CH4 in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitrogen-rich sapric histosol, a Norway spruce and a Downy birch forest, located in eastern Estonia. According to the long-term study using a closed chamber method, the APEAs emitted less CO2 and N2O, and more CH4 than the DPFs. Across the study sites, CO2 flux correlated positively with soil, ground and air temperatures. Continuous snow depth > 5 cm did not influence CO2, but at no snow or a thin snow layer the fluxes varied on a large scale (from -1.1 to 106 mg C m-2 h-1). In all sites, the highest N2O fluxes were observed at a water table depth of -30 to -40 cm. CH4 was consumed in the DPFs and was always emitted from the APEAs, whereas the highest flux appeared at a water table >20 cm above the surface. Considering the global warming potential (GWP) of the greenhouse gas emissions from the DPFs in the wintertime, the flux of N2O was the main component of warming, showing 3-6 times higher radiative forcing values than that of CO2 flux, while the role of CH4 was unimportant. In the APEAs, CO2 and CH4 made up almost equal parts, whereas the impact of N2O on GWP was minor.",

keywords = "Carbon dioxide, Drained forests, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Peat extraction areas, Peatlands, Snow cover",

author = "Birgit Viru and Gert Veber and Jaak Jaagus and Ain Kull and Martin Maddison and Mart Muhel and Mikk Espenberg and Alar Teemusk and {\"U}lo Mander",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This study was supported by the Estonian Research Council (IUT2-16 and PRG352); the EU through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange, Estonia) and by the Estonian State Forest Management Centre (projects LLOOM13056 “Carbon and nitrogen cycling in forests with altered water regime “, 2013–2016 and LLTOM17250 “Water level restoration in cut-away peatlands: development of integrated monitoring methods and monitoring”, 2017–2023).",

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T1 - Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands

AU - Viru, Birgit

AU - Veber, Gert

AU - Jaagus, Jaak

AU - Kull, Ain

AU - Maddison, Martin

AU - Muhel, Mart

AU - Espenberg, Mikk

AU - Teemusk, Alar

AU - Mander, Ülo

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This study was supported by the Estonian Research Council (IUT2-16 and PRG352); the EU through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange, Estonia) and by the Estonian State Forest Management Centre (projects LLOOM13056 “Carbon and nitrogen cycling in forests with altered water regime “, 2013–2016 and LLTOM17250 “Water level restoration in cut-away peatlands: development of integrated monitoring methods and monitoring”, 2017–2023).

PY - 2020/7/10

Y1 - 2020/7/10

N2 - The aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO2, N2O and CH4 in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitrogen-rich sapric histosol, a Norway spruce and a Downy birch forest, located in eastern Estonia. According to the long-term study using a closed chamber method, the APEAs emitted less CO2 and N2O, and more CH4 than the DPFs. Across the study sites, CO2 flux correlated positively with soil, ground and air temperatures. Continuous snow depth > 5 cm did not influence CO2, but at no snow or a thin snow layer the fluxes varied on a large scale (from -1.1 to 106 mg C m-2 h-1). In all sites, the highest N2O fluxes were observed at a water table depth of -30 to -40 cm. CH4 was consumed in the DPFs and was always emitted from the APEAs, whereas the highest flux appeared at a water table >20 cm above the surface. Considering the global warming potential (GWP) of the greenhouse gas emissions from the DPFs in the wintertime, the flux of N2O was the main component of warming, showing 3-6 times higher radiative forcing values than that of CO2 flux, while the role of CH4 was unimportant. In the APEAs, CO2 and CH4 made up almost equal parts, whereas the impact of N2O on GWP was minor.

AB - The aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO2, N2O and CH4 in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitrogen-rich sapric histosol, a Norway spruce and a Downy birch forest, located in eastern Estonia. According to the long-term study using a closed chamber method, the APEAs emitted less CO2 and N2O, and more CH4 than the DPFs. Across the study sites, CO2 flux correlated positively with soil, ground and air temperatures. Continuous snow depth > 5 cm did not influence CO2, but at no snow or a thin snow layer the fluxes varied on a large scale (from -1.1 to 106 mg C m-2 h-1). In all sites, the highest N2O fluxes were observed at a water table depth of -30 to -40 cm. CH4 was consumed in the DPFs and was always emitted from the APEAs, whereas the highest flux appeared at a water table >20 cm above the surface. Considering the global warming potential (GWP) of the greenhouse gas emissions from the DPFs in the wintertime, the flux of N2O was the main component of warming, showing 3-6 times higher radiative forcing values than that of CO2 flux, while the role of CH4 was unimportant. In the APEAs, CO2 and CH4 made up almost equal parts, whereas the impact of N2O on GWP was minor.

KW - Carbon dioxide

KW - Drained forests

KW - Methane

KW - Nitrous oxide

KW - Peat extraction areas

KW - Peatlands

KW - Snow cover

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U2 - 10.3390/atmos11070731

DO - 10.3390/atmos11070731

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85088278429

SN - 2073-4433

VL - 11

JO - Atmosphere

JF - Atmosphere

IS - 7

M1 - 731

ER -

Wintertime Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Hemiboreal Drained Peatlands

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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