A Survey on Imitation Learning Techniques for End-to-End Autonomous Vehicles

Luc  Le Mero; Dewei Yi; Mehrdad Dianati; Alexandros  Mouzakitis

doi:10.1109/TITS.2022.3144867

A Survey on Imitation Learning Techniques for End-to-End Autonomous Vehicles

Luc Le Mero, Dewei Yi, Mehrdad Dianati, Alexandros Mouzakitis

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111 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

The state-of-the-art decision and planning approaches for autonomous vehicles have moved away from manually designed systems, instead focusing on the utilisation of largescale datasets of expert demonstration via Imitation Learning
(IL). In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of IL approaches, primarily for the paradigm of end-to-end based systems in autonomous vehicles. We classify the literature into three distinct categories: 1) Behavioural Cloning (BC), 2) Direct Policy Learning (DPL) and 3) Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL). For each of these categories, the current state-of-theart literature is comprehensively reviewed and summarised, with future directions of research identified to facilitate the development of imitation learning based systems for end-to-end autonomous vehicles. Due to the data-intensive nature of deep
learning techniques, currently available datasets and simulators for end-to-end autonomous driving are also reviewed.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	14128-14147
Number of pages	20
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Volume	23
Issue number	9
Early online date	1 Feb 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2022.3144867
Publication status	Published - Sept 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Agency:
10.13039/100016335-Jaguar Land Rover
10.13039/501100000266-U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (Grant Number: EP/N01300X/1)
jointly funded Towards Autonomy: Smart and Connected Control (TASCC) Program

Keywords

Intelligent vehicles
Autonomous vehicles
machine learning
autonomous systems
Learning
neural networks

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Cite this

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title = "A Survey on Imitation Learning Techniques for End-to-End Autonomous Vehicles",

abstract = "The state-of-the-art decision and planning approaches for autonomous vehicles have moved away from manually designed systems, instead focusing on the utilisation of largescale datasets of expert demonstration via Imitation Learning(IL). In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of IL approaches, primarily for the paradigm of end-to-end based systems in autonomous vehicles. We classify the literature into three distinct categories: 1) Behavioural Cloning (BC), 2) Direct Policy Learning (DPL) and 3) Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL). For each of these categories, the current state-of-theart literature is comprehensively reviewed and summarised, with future directions of research identified to facilitate the development of imitation learning based systems for end-to-end autonomous vehicles. Due to the data-intensive nature of deeplearning techniques, currently available datasets and simulators for end-to-end autonomous driving are also reviewed. ",

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A Survey on Imitation Learning Techniques for End-to-End Autonomous Vehicles

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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Cite this