Abstract
Proposed strategies for preventing protein deficiencies in older patients include increasing protein intake at breakfast. However, protein is highly satiating and the effects of very high protein intakes at breakfast on subsequent appetite and free-living energy intake (EI) in older adults are unclear. This study compared the acute effects of two breakfast drinks varying in protein and energy contents on appetite and free-living EI in healthy older adults using a randomized 2 × 2 crossover design. Participants (n = 48 (20 men, 28 women); mean ± SD age: 69 ± 3 years; BMI: 22.2 ± 2.0 kg·m−2; fat-free mass: 45.5 ± 8.0 kg) consumed two drinks for breakfast (high-protein (30.4 ± 5.3 g), low-energy (211.2 ± 37.1 kcal) content (HPLE) and very high-protein (61.8 ± 9.9 g), fed to energy requirements (428.0 ± 68.9 kcal) (VHPER)) one week apart. Appetite perceptions were assessed for 3 h post-drink and free-living EI was measured for the remainder of the day. Appetite was lower in VHPER than HPLE from 30 min onwards (p < 0.01). Free-living energy and protein intake did not differ between conditions (p = 0.814). However, 24 h EI (breakfast drink intake + free-living intake) was greater in VHPER than HPLE (1937 ± 568 kcal vs. 1705 ± 490 kcal; p = 0.001), as was 24 h protein intake (123.0 ± 26.0 g vs. 88.6 ± 20.9 g; p < 0.001). Consuming a very high-protein breakfast drink acutely suppressed appetite more than a low-energy, high-protein drink in older adults, though free-living EI was unaffected. The long-term effects of adopting such a breakfast strategy in older adults at high risk of energy and protein malnutrition warrants exploration.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 16 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Geriatrics (Switzerland) |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 30 Jan 2022 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Feb 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7-KBBE-2010-4 under grant agreement No: 266408. Authors from the University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Scottish Government as part of the RESAS Strategic Research Programme at the Rowett Institute. The funding sources had no involvement in the preparation of the article, the study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Data Availability Statement
Data described in the manuscript will be made available upon request pending approval from Professor Alexandra Johnstone (Professor Johnstone’s contact details can be found here: https://www.abdn.ac.uk/rowett/research/profiles/alex.johnstone, accessed on 7 December 2021).Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/geriatrics7010016/s1, Figure S1: CONSORT diagram summarizing participant flow. The number of participants who were recruited, enrolled, allocated to intervention, discontinued, included in the analyses and completed are presented.
Keywords
- Ageing
- Appetite
- BMI
- Energy intake
- Protein
Access to Document
- Crabtree_etal_G_The_Acute_Effects_VOR
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