Abstract
Importance Genitourinary syndrome of menopause can be treated with vaginal estrogen therapy. However, there are concerns about the safety of vaginal estrogen therapy in patients with breast cancer.
Objective To determine whether the risk of breast cancer–specific mortality was higher in females with breast cancer who used vaginal estrogen therapy vs females with breast cancer who did not use hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed 2 large cohorts, one each in Scotland and Wales, of females aged 40 to 79 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer. These population-based cohorts were identified from national cancer registry records from 2010 to 2017 in Scotland and from 2000 to 2016 in Wales and were followed up for breast cancer–specific mortality until 2020. Females were excluded if they had a previous cancer diagnosis (except nonmelanoma skin cancer). Data analysis was performed between August 2022 and August 2023.
Exposure Use of vaginal estrogen therapy, including vaginal tablets and creams, was ascertained from pharmacy dispensing records of the Prescribing Information System for the Scotland cohort and from general practice prescription records for the Wales cohort.
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was time to breast cancer–specific mortality, which was obtained from national mortality records. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for breast cancer–specific mortality, comparing vaginal estrogen therapy users with HRT nonusers and adjusting for confounders, including cancer stage and grade.
Results The 2 cohorts comprised 49 237 females with breast cancer (between 40 and 79 years of age) and 5795 breast cancer–specific deaths. Five percent of patients with breast cancer used vaginal estrogen therapy after breast cancer diagnosis. In vaginal estrogen therapy users compared with HRT nonusers, there was no evidence of a higher risk of breast cancer–specific mortality in the pooled fully adjusted model (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94).
Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study showed no evidence of increased early breast cancer–specific mortality in patients who used vaginal estrogen therapy compared with patients who did not use HRT. This finding may provide some reassurance to prescribing clinicians and support the guidelines suggesting that vaginal estrogen therapy can be considered in patients with breast cancer and genitourinary symptoms.
Objective To determine whether the risk of breast cancer–specific mortality was higher in females with breast cancer who used vaginal estrogen therapy vs females with breast cancer who did not use hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed 2 large cohorts, one each in Scotland and Wales, of females aged 40 to 79 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer. These population-based cohorts were identified from national cancer registry records from 2010 to 2017 in Scotland and from 2000 to 2016 in Wales and were followed up for breast cancer–specific mortality until 2020. Females were excluded if they had a previous cancer diagnosis (except nonmelanoma skin cancer). Data analysis was performed between August 2022 and August 2023.
Exposure Use of vaginal estrogen therapy, including vaginal tablets and creams, was ascertained from pharmacy dispensing records of the Prescribing Information System for the Scotland cohort and from general practice prescription records for the Wales cohort.
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was time to breast cancer–specific mortality, which was obtained from national mortality records. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for breast cancer–specific mortality, comparing vaginal estrogen therapy users with HRT nonusers and adjusting for confounders, including cancer stage and grade.
Results The 2 cohorts comprised 49 237 females with breast cancer (between 40 and 79 years of age) and 5795 breast cancer–specific deaths. Five percent of patients with breast cancer used vaginal estrogen therapy after breast cancer diagnosis. In vaginal estrogen therapy users compared with HRT nonusers, there was no evidence of a higher risk of breast cancer–specific mortality in the pooled fully adjusted model (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94).
Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study showed no evidence of increased early breast cancer–specific mortality in patients who used vaginal estrogen therapy compared with patients who did not use HRT. This finding may provide some reassurance to prescribing clinicians and support the guidelines suggesting that vaginal estrogen therapy can be considered in patients with breast cancer and genitourinary symptoms.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 103-108 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | JAMA Oncology |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 2 Nov 2023 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 11 Feb 2024 |
Bibliographical note
AcknowledgementAuthor contributions: Chris R Cardwell had full access to all the data in the study
and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data
analysis.
Concept and design: Coupland, Hicks, Hughes, McMenamin, Murchie, Cardwell.
Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data: McVicker, Labeit, Coupland, Hicks, Hughes, McMenamin, McIntosh, Murchie, Cardwell.
Drafting of the manuscript: Cardwell.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: McVicker, Labeit, Coupland, Hicks, Hughes, McMenamin, McIntosh, Murchie, Cardwell.
Statistical analysis: Cardwell, McVicker, Labeit.
Obtaining funding: Mc Menamin, McVicker, Labeit.
Administrative, technical, or material support: None.
Supervision: None.
Other: None
Funding/Support: This work was supported by funding from Cancer Research UK
(reference C37316/A29656 and C53788/A20100) that provided access to the
datasets
Access to Document
- McVicker_etal_JAMAO_Vaginal_Estrogen_Therapy_AAM
This manuscript has been made open access under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence under the terms of the University of Aberdeen Research Publications Policy. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/